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Neuro Exam 3 > Scalp, Face, Parotid > Flashcards

Scalp, Face, Parotid Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

5 layers of scalp

A 
S - skin
C - dense CT - neurovascular
A - aponeurosis epicranius
L - loose CT - plane of cleavage
P - pericranium
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2
Q

innervation posterior scalp

A

greater occipital C2
C3
lesser occipital
great auricular

cervical plexus / dorsal rami**

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3
Q

innervation anterior scalp

A

CN V - trigeminal

  • auriculotemporal V3
  • zygomaticotemporal V2
  • supraorbital and supratrochlear V1
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4
Q

blood supply scalp

A

external carotid

  • occipital a
  • posterior auricular a.
  • superficial temporal a.

internal carotid

  • supraorbital a
  • supratrochlear a
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5
Q

scalp vasculature?

A

layer 2 dense CT

also anastomose - cannot compress to stop bleeding

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6
Q

venous drainage scalp?

A

vena comitantes arteries

emissary veins - through bones to dural venous sinuses

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7
Q

emissary veins

A

drain through bones of skull to drain dural venous sinuses

-valveless - spread infection

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8
Q

scalp infections and bleeding spread?

A

layer 4 - loose CT

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9
Q

ecchymosis

A

spread of blood

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10
Q

muscles of facial expression

A

arch 2**

nerve - CN VIII SVE component facial nerve

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11
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

orbital - surround eyeball
palpebral - in eyelid
lacrimal - medial corner of eye

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12
Q

corrugator supercilli

A

draws eyebrow down - worried look

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13
Q

occipitofrontalis

A

frontal and occipital bellies

frontal - elevate eyebrow
occipital - retract eyebrow - surprised expression

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14
Q

buccinator

A

keep food in mouth

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15
Q

elevate upper lip?

A 
levator labii superioris
levator anguli oris
zygomaticus major
zygomaticus minor
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
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16
Q

flare nostril

A

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

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17
Q

mentalis

A

protrude lower lip

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18
Q

depress lower lip

A

depressor anguli oris

depressor labii inferioris

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19
Q

procerus

A

wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose

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20
Q

nasalis

A

flares nostrils

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21
Q

platysma

A

depress mandible

tense skin of lower face and neck

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22
Q

orbicularis oris

A

around mouth

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23
Q

facial nerve to muscles of facial expression?

A

SVE

exit brainstem > internal acoustic meatus > between cochlea and semcircular canals > courses posterior along middle ear > exits facial canal via stylomastoid forman

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24
Q

lesion at stylomastoid foramen

Study These Flashcards
A

only SVE of facial nerve

-to facial expression mm.

25
branches of SVE facial
``` posterior auricular n digastric n stylohyoid n. temporofacial trunk cervicofacial trunk ```
26
temporofacial trunk
superior temporal branches zygomatic branches buccal branches
27
cervicofacial trunk
inferior buccal branches marginal mandibular branches cervical branches
28
ptosis
affects upper eyelid
29
bells palsy
facial nerve -idiopathic, herpes, lesion, otitis media facial asymmetry and drooping - drooping lower eyelid - drainage of tears and ulceration - dribbling of saliva - paralyze orbicularis oris - accumulation of food in vestibule - buccinator m.
30
opthalmic nerve
V1 -skin, forehead, upper eyelid, nose ``` supratrochlear n supraorbital n lacrimal n infratrochlear n external nasal nerves ```
31
maxillary nerve
through pterygopalatine fossa V2 skin of temporal region, upper cheek and lip, lower eyelid, ala of nose zygomaticotemporal n zygomaticofacial n infraorbital n
32
mandibular nerve
through infratemporal fossa skin of lower cheek, lower lip, chin auriculotemporal n buccal n mental n
33
great auricular nerve
C2,3 skin over angle of mandible
34
trigeminal neuralgia
tic douloureux sudden excruciating facial pain - maybe suicide/depression demyelination of neurons V2 > V3 > V1 superior cerebellar artery compression
35
artery of trigeminal neuralgia
compressed superior cerebellar artery
36
division affected in trigeminal neuralgia
V2 > V3 > V1
37
herpes zoster
can affect trigeminal ganglion - most often V1 - scarring/ulceration of cornea
38
facial artery
branch of external carotid a branches: - inferior labial a - superior labial a - lateral nasal a - angular a
39
superficial temporal artery
branch of external carotid a branches: - transverse facial a - frontal branches - parietal branches
40
maxillary artery
branch of external carotid a branches: - infraorbital a - buccal a - mental a
41
ophthalmic artery
branch of internal carotid a branches: - supraorbital a - supratrochlear a - lacrimal a - medial palpebral a - dorsal nasal a
42
venous drainage
retromandibular vein
43
retromandibular vein
formed from superficial temporal and maxillary veins anterior and posterior division
44
anterior retromandibular vein
merges with facial - common facial vein
45
common facial vein
to internal jugular vein from anterior retromandibular and facial vein union
46
posterior retromandibular vein
merges with posterior auricular vein - external jugular vein
47
external jugular vein
from posterior auricular and posterior retromandibular veins
48
lymph drainage
submental, submandibular, parotid nodes ultimately, to deep cervical nodes
49
danger area
central face area | -infection travel from superficial to deep face or skull
50
facial vein communication
pterygoid plexus via deep facial vein | cavernous sinus via ophthalmic veins
51
parotid gland
largest of salivary glands | -overlying ramus of mandible
52
parotid duct
crosses masseter | -enters oral cavity opposite 2nd upper molar
53
abscess or infection of dental origin
may spread to parotid gland via parotid duct
54
within parotid gland (parotidectomy be careful)**
facial nerve retromandibular vein external carotid artery
55
parasympathetic to parotid
salivatory nucleus > glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX - exits at jugular foramen > tympanic branch - enters middle ear - tympanic canaliculus - reforms lesser petrosal nerve - exits hiatus for lesser petrosal n -exits foramen ovale - synapse on otic ganglion postganglion - fibers with auriculotemporal branch V3
56
sympathetic to parotid
preganglionic - T1-4 -postganglionic SCG -fibers travel with external carotid nerve to parotid tissue
57
parotiditis
inflammation of parotid gland -pain - stretch parotid sheath -carried with auriculotemporal branch of V3 and great auricular nerve referred to auricle, TMJ, external acoustic meatus ***
58
sialolith
calculus - calcification in parotid - passes into duct - quite painful

Neuro Exam 3 (15 decks)

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