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Neuro Exam 3 > Palate and PPF > Flashcards

Palate and PPF Flashcards

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1
Q

PPF

A

posteroinferiorly to apex of orbit
posterior to maxillary sinus
deep to infratemporal region

contains nerves. arteries, veins

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2
Q

transantral access to PPF

A

can be accessed via maxillary sinus

to remove tumors or ligate sphenopalatine artery in cases of chronic nose bleeds (epistaxis)

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3
Q

contents of PPF

A

maxillary artery third portion

maxillary branch of trigeminal
-V2

pterygopalatine ganglion - parasympathetics

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4
Q

lateral border of PPF

A

pterygomaxillary fissure

**open - from infratemporal fossa to pterygomaxillary fissure

location of maxillary artery 3rd portion and posterior superior alveolar a/v/n

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5
Q

superior border of PPF

A

greater wing of sphenoid

no foramina here, just roof

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6
Q

anterior border of PPF

A

maxilla

inferior orbital fissure
-transmits infraorbital a/v/n and zygomatic a/v/m

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7
Q

medial border of PPF

A

palatine bone

sphenopalatine foramen

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8
Q

inferior border o PPF

A

open via pterygopalatine canal

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9
Q

posterior border of PPF

A

pterygoid process of sphenoid bone

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10
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A

anterior PPF

-transmits infraorbital a/v/n and zygomatic a/v/n

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11
Q

sphenopalatine foramen

A

medial PPF
sphenopalatine a/v
nasopalatine n
posterior superior lateral nasal n

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12
Q

pterygomaxillary fissure

A

lateral PPF
maxillary a
posterior superior alveolar a/v/n

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13
Q

pterygopalatine canal

A

inferior PPF
descending palatine a
greater and lesser palatine nn

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14
Q

foramen rotundum

A

posterior PPF
to middle cranial fossa
transmits V2

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15
Q

pterygoid canal

A

posterior PPF
to to middle cranial fossa
transmits n and a of pterygoid canal

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16
Q

pharyngeal canal

A

posterior PPF
to nasopharynx
transmits pharyngeal a/v/n

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17
Q

posterior PPF lateral to medial

A

foramen rotundum
pterygoid canal
pharyngeal canal

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18
Q

maxillary artery

A

courses through infratemporal fossa

-3rd portion enters PPF through phenomaxillary fissure

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19
Q

branches of pterygopalatine portion of maxillary artery

A 
posterior superior alveolar a.
infraorbital a.
descending palatine a.
artery of pterygoid canal
pharyngeal a.
sphenopalatine a.
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20
Q

posterior superior alveolar a.

A

enters un-named foramen in maxillary bone

maxillary teeth and gingiva

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21
Q

infraorbital a

A

exits PPF - inferior orbital fissure
ANTERIOR

to face via infraorbital foramen

floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary theeth, skin of face

branches along the way
-middle superior and anterior superior alveolar aa

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22
Q

descending palatine a

A

exits PPF - pterygopalatine canal
INFERIOR

to palate, nasal cavity, palatine fossa

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23
Q

artery of pterygoid canal

A

exits PPF - pterygoid canal
POSTERIOR

to nasopharynx, auditory tube, tympanic cavity

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24
Q

pharyngeal a

A

exits PPF - pharyngeal canal
POSTERIOR

to nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus, auditory tube

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25
sphenopalatine a
exits PPF - sphenopalatine foramen MEDIAL to nasal cavity
26
maxillary nerve
V2 - GSA to middle dermatome of face enters PPF via foramen rotundum PS to pterygopalatine ganglion has meningeal branch
27
zygomatic nerve
exits PPF anterior - inferior orbital fissure - GSA to face - zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal
28
GSA to face
zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal branches of zygomatic nerve from V2
29
posterior superior alveolar nerve
branch of infraorbital nerve
30
infraorbital nerve
exits PPF anterior - inferior orbital fissure supplies floor of orbit, maxillary sinus, maxillary teeth, skin of face
31
pterygopalatine nerves
suspend pterygopalatine ganglion from V2 | -carry PS to ganglion**
32
greater palatine nerve
exits PPF inferior - pterygopalatine canal to oral cavity - hard palate branch - posterior inferior lateral nasal artery
33
lesser palatine nerve
exits PPF inferior - pterygopalatine canal to soft palate and tonsillar bed
34
posterior superior lateral nasal nerve
exits PPF medial - sphenopalatine foramen -to nasal cavity lateral wall of nasal cavity
35
pharyngeal nerve
exits PPF posterior - pharyngeal canal to nasopharynx
36
nerve to pterygoid canal
exits PPF posterior - pterygoid canal autonomics to PPG
37
nasopalatine nerve
exits PPF medial - sphenopalatine foramen -to nasal cavities then through incisive foramen to anteiror hard palate
38
nerve blocks 2x?
nasopalatine n - incisive foramen | greater palatine n - greater palatine foramen
39
ganglion we need to know?
pterygopalatine otic submandibular ciliary 4x***
40
pterygopalatine ganglion contains
postganglionic parasympathetic neurons receives: nerve of pterygoid canal -deep petrosal - S -greater petrosal - PS
41
deep petrosal nerve
postganglionic S from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion pass through PPG
42
greater petrosal nerve
preganglionic PS from CN VII ** synapse at PPG
43
nerve to pterygoid canal
contains S and PS from greater petrosal n and deep petrosal n
44
parasympathetic to lacrimal gland
increase gland secretions -PPG - to zygomatic branch of V2 lacrimal branch of V1 to gland **source is greater petrosal nerve of CN VII
45
sympathetic to lacrimal gland
secretions more watery vasomotor - more watery lacrimal fluid -PPG - zygomatic branch of V2 lacrimal branch of V1 to gland **source is IMLCC > SCG to deep petrosal nerve
46
dysfunction of PS to lacrimal gland?
dry, red eye eyes itchy and very dry use eye drops all the time
47
parasympathetic to mucous-secreting glands of palate
increases production of mucus dysfunction: dry, irritated nasal passages, increased risk of infection PPG - postganglionic fibers with branches of V2 to nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
48
sympathetic to mucous secreting glands
makes gland secretions more watery dysfunction - minimal effect
49
sympathetic levels
T1-T4 lateral horn > superior cervical ganglion via sympathetic chain > postganglion via internal carotid nerves to PPG PPG > distributes
50
sympathetics to head
not too significant lacrimal and mucous glands
51
Palate
between nasal and oral cavity
52
hard palate
bony anterior 2/3 palatine process of maxillary bone horizontal plate of palatine bone
53
soft palate
fascial support | posterior 1/3
54
foramina of hard palate
incisive foramen greater palatine foramen lesser palatine foramen
55
mucosa of hard palate
mucous secreting palatine glands transverse palatine folds palatine raphe
56
incisive foramen
nasopalatine n | greater palatine a
57
greater palatine foramen
passage of greater palatine a/v/n
58
lesser palatine foramen
passage of lesser palatine a/v/n
59
composition of soft palate
palatine aponeurosis | -ends at uvula
60
fauces
oral cavity to pharynx
61
boundaries of fauces
superior palate inferior base of tongue lateral - faucial pillars
62
faucial pillars
palatoglossal arch palatopharyngeal arch isthmus of fauces
63
palatoglossal arch
fold of mucosa overlying palatoglossus muscle
64
palatopharyngeal arch
fold of mucosa over palatopharyngeus muscle
65
isthmus of fauces
constricted portion of fauces bounced by palatoglossal pillars
66
palatine tonsil
lymphoid tissue | -between palatoglossal and palatopharyngel arches
67
tonsillar bed
depression between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches | -houses palatine tonsil
68
tonsillar bed blood supply
``` facial a palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal a ascending palatine a dorsal lingual a lesser palatine a ``` 5 arteries supplying blood complications after tonsillectomy** - because of rich blood supply
69
formation of tonsillar bed
superior constrictor m hyoglossus m middle constrictor m
70
glossopharyngeal n
courses right through tonsillar bed
71
venous drainage of palatine tonsil
tonsillar plexus and pharyngeal plexus of veins
72
oropharyngeal membrane
at tonsillar bed
73
innervation of tonsillar bed
posterior - glossopharyngeal GVA | anterior - lesser palatine GSA
74
palatoglossus m.
soft palate - tongue vagus innervation pulls tongue and soft palate together during swallowing
75
palatopharyngeus m.
soft palate to thyroid vagus innervation swallowing - pulls thyroid up to epiglottis
76
musculus uvulae
soft palate to uvula vagus innervation shortens and elevates uvula
77
tensor veli palatini
tenses palate -passes under pterygoid hamulus during mastication and swallowing - opens membranous portion of auditory tube
78
levator veli palatini
elevates palate pull against roof of pharynx base of skull to soft palate
79
paralysis of CN X
soft palate and faucial pillars sag -uvula deviates to UNAFFECTED side*** when open mouth and say "AH"
80
not innervated by vagus
tensor veli palatine trigeminal V3
81
muscles that attach to auditory tube
tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini tensor - only one to membranous part** results in opening of auditory tube to equalize pressure**
82
vascular to palate
maxillary artery - greater and lesser palatine aa facial artery -ascending palatine a
83
venous drainage of palate
pterygoid plexus of veins to maxillary vein
84
anterior to incisive foramen innervation
nasopalatine nerve
85
posterior to incisive foramen innervation
greater palatine nerve majority also a little lesser palatine nerve
86
nerve to upper lip
V2 via infraorbital | -in PPF
87
dry irritated nasal passages
PS to PPG > nasal passages
88
inschemia to posterior nasal cavity
sphenopalatine a. from maxillary a. in PPF
89
red, irritative eye
less PS to lacrimal and mucous glands of deep head
90
xerostomia
dry mouth not affected in PPF either otic ganglionic or chorda tympani submandibular and sublingual glands

Neuro Exam 3 (15 decks)

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