Orbit and Eye: Anatomy Flashcards by Matt Stanton

medial orbital walls

parallel

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lateral orbital walls

perpendicular

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orbital axes

long axis through orbit

-45% to one another

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optical axes

long axit through globe

-parallel to medial walls

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bones of orbit

frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, zygomatic

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apex of orbit

lesser wing of sphenoid around optic canal

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base of orbit

orbital margin and orbital opening
-frontal, zygomatic, maxilla

margin thickened - protection

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roof of orbit

frontal bone and some sphenoid

-fossa for lacrimal gland

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floor of orbit

maxilla bone
zygomatic bone
palatine bone

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medial wall of orbit

ethmoid bone
lacromal bone
maxilla bone

lacrimal fossa

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laterla wall orbit

zygomatic

greater wing sphenoid

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foramina of orbit

optic canal
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissure
anterior ethmoidal foramen
posterior ethmoidal foramen
nasolacrimal canal

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superior orbital fissure

CN III, IV, V1, VI and superior opthalmic vein

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orbital blow out fracture

to thin orbital floor
-can involve maxillary sinus

or medial

enophthalmos - movement of fat into spaces

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orbital tumors

sphenoid/ethmoid sinuses, middle cranial, infratemporal fossa
-erode to orbit

can cause exophthalmos

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periorbital fascia

lines bones of orbit

continuous with fascia of extraocular eye muscles

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check ligaments

medial and lateral

attach to medial and lateral orbital walls

limit abduction and adduction**

prevent posterior retraction of eyeball by rectus muscles

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fascial sheath of eyeball

tenons capsule

external to sclera
continuous with muscular fascia of extraocular eye muscles

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orbital fat

cushion, lubricate, protect

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starvation

enophthalmos
-sunken in eyes

loss of orbital fat

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layers of eyelids

skin
loose CT
muscle
tarsal plate - main structural layer, dense CT
palpebral conjunctiva

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orbicularis oculi

close eye (sphincter of eyelid)

CN VII

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levator palpebrae superiorirs

open eye

CN III

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orbital septum

where tarsal plates connect

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horners syndrome

loss of sympathetic to head -ptosis - drooping of upper eyelid loss of levator palpebrae superiorirs

superior tarsal portion of LPS

attached to superior tarsal plate | -innervated sympathetically

chalazion

meibomian cyst

hordeoum

cyst of eyelash glands

sebaceous glands of eyelids

tarsal (meibomian) glands | glands of zeis

sweat glands of eyelids

glands of moll

CN VII impairment

eyelid that cannot completely close | -dryness and irritation of cornea and sclera

impairment of CN III

inability to upper eyelid - loss of LPS

close eye

orbicularis oculi - CN VII

open eye

levator palpebrae superioris - CN III

conjunctiva

palpebral - internal eyelid | bulbar - outer sclera

lacrimal appartus

gland - production | cananaliculi - drainage

drainage of tears

lacrimal gland > conjunctival sac > surface of eye > lacrimal papillae with puncta > lacrimal canaliculi > lacrimal sac > nasolacrimal duct to nasal cavity

eyeball tunics

fibrous vascular neural

fibrous tunic

sclera and cornea

cornea

avascular - but heavily innervated

corneal neovascularization

secondary to hypoxia

vascular tunic

choroid iris ciliary body

choroid

vascular to fibrous layers and outer retina | also melanin to aborb light

iris

controls light entering pupil

sphincter pupillae

circular muscle - miosis (constriction) | -PS innervation - CN III

dilator pupillae

radial muscle - mydriasis (dilation) | -S innervation

ciliary body

ciliary processes - secrete aqueous humor zonule fibers to lens (suspensory ligaments)

ciliary muscle

PS innervation | CN III

accomodation

control of lens thickness via suspensory ligaments

look at distant object

ciliary m relax - tension on suspensory ligaments to lens - lens flat

look at close object

ciliary m contract - loose suspensory ligaments on lens - lens thick

PS innervation to ciliary muscle

CN III stimulation lens round to focus near accommodating

dim light

sympathetics | -dilate pupil

bright light

parasympathetics | -constrict pupil

miosis

pupil constriction

mydriasis

pupil dilation

optic disc

blind spot | -entry of optic nerve CN II

fovea

greatest visual acuity

retinal detachment

pigmented epithelium separates from rods and cones layer | -loss of metabolic support - blindness

cataracts

proteins of lens aggregate

ora serrata

anterior termination of retina

exophthalmos

protrusion of eyeballs | -hyperthyroid and orbital tumors

enophthalmos

retraction of eyeball | -starvation

glaucoma

increased aqueous humor | -increased IOP - can lead to blindness

drainage of aqueous humor

anterior chamber > trabecular meshwork > canal of schlemm

production of aqueous humor

ciliary body***

Orbit and Eye: Anatomy Flashcards

(66 cards)