Skull, Face, Palate, CN VII

Question 1

anterior portion of skull from

Answer 1

neural crest

Question 2

posterior portion of skull from

Answer 2

paraxial mesoderm

-somite - sclerotome

Question 3

fontanelles

Answer 3

soft spots that allow for growth of skull postnatally

allow calvaria to undergo changes during birthing

Question 4

different fontanelles?

Answer 4

anterior, posterior, posterolateral, anterolateral

Question 5

flat bones

Answer 5

grow together postnatally

-but cranial sutures remain flexible throughout childhood

Question 6

craniosynostosis

Answer 6

premature fusion of cranial sutures

Question 7

scaphocephaly

Answer 7

early fusion of sagittal suture
-skull is long and narrow

• • most common
• get sagittal ridge

Question 8

brachycephaly

Answer 8

early fusion of coronal suture

-skull short and wide

Question 9

facial prominences

Answer 9

from 1st pharyngeal arch
-form features of face

frontosacral prominence
maxillary prominence
mandibular prominences

give distribution of the trigeminal nerve
-V1, V2, V3**

Question 10

frontosacral prominence

Answer 10

forehead
bridge nose, septum
medial nasal prominence
lateral nasal prominence

Question 11

maxillary prominence

Answer 11

upper cheek

lateral portions of upper lip

Question 12

mandibular prominences

Answer 12

chin, lower cheek region
lower lip
part of external ear

Question 13

nose formation

Answer 13

nasal placodes
-thickenings of surface ectoderm

form on frontonasal prominence and then invaginate to form nasal pits

Question 14

nasal placode

Answer 14

thick surface ectoderm

invaginates to form nasal pit

Question 15

medial and lateral nasal prominences

Answer 15

mesenchyme surrounding margins of nasal pits proliferate

push toward midline
-fuse with eachother**

no fuse, can get midline cleft

Question 16

intermaxillary segment

Answer 16

two fused nasal prominences that fuse

form upper lip, philthrum, primary palate

Question 17

midline cleft

Answer 17

two nasal prominences dont fuse

Question 18

nose from

Answer 18

medial and lateral nasal prominence

and frontonasal prominence

Question 19

upper lip

Answer 19

from medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence

Question 20

lower lip

Answer 20

from mandibular prominences

Question 21

nasolacrimal duct

Answer 21

maxillary prominence fuse with lateral nasal prominence along nasolacrimal groove

duct forms from ectoderm of the nasolacrimal groove

Question 22

oblique facial cleft

Answer 22

if maxillary prominence and lateral nasal prominence dont fuse

Question 23

nasal cavity

Answer 23

nasal pits grow dorsally

• produce nasal sacs
• sacs separated by oronasal membrane

ruptures week 6**
-replaced by palate

Question 24

olfactory epithelium and CN I

Answer 24

develop from nasal sac ectoderm

Question 25

paranasal sinuses

Answer 25

slowly develop through puberty

Question 26

muscles of mastication

Answer 26

first arch | -trigeminal

Question 27

muscles of facial expression

Answer 27

second arch | -facial arch

Question 28

primary palate

Answer 28

during 6th week - forms from intermaxillary segment -fuses with nasal septum above and lateral palatine shelves posteriorly

Question 29

secondary palate

Answer 29

lateral palatine shelves form from maxillary prominence fuse

Question 30

incisive foramen

Answer 30

landmark between primary and secondary palates

Question 31

week 7-8

Answer 31

palatine shelves migrate and fuse with one another as well as with primary palate and in midline with nasal septum ossification - anterior 2/3 of palate to form hard palate

Question 32

most common craniofacial anomalies

Answer 32

clefts of lip and palate

Question 33

anterior cleft

Answer 33

anterior to incisive foramen failure of maxillary prominence to fuse with medial nasal prominence (intermaxillary segment)

Question 34

median cleft of lip

Answer 34

failure of medial nasal prominences to merge | -rare

Question 35

posterior cleft

Answer 35

lack of fusion of lateral palatine plates | -cleft palate and / or uvula

Question 36

oblique facial cleft

Answer 36

failure of maxillary process to fuse with lateral nasal prominences - mouth towards eye - nasolacrimal duct not incorporated in face

Question 37

neural crest defects

Answer 37

craniofacial defects results from disruption of neural crest cell migration or differentiation in face treacher collins digeorge anomaly

Question 38

philthrum derived from?

Answer 38

intermaxillary segment **