Ears/Eyes

Question 1

weber test:

• normal
• conductive hearing loss
• sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 1

• normal: no localization
• conductive: localizes to affected ear
• sensorineural: localizes to unaffected ear

Question 2

rinne test:

• normal
• conductive hearing loss
• sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 2

normal: air conduction > bone conduction
conduction: bone conduction > air conduction
sensorineural: AC > BC

Question 3

noise-induced hearing loss is from damage to what

Answer 3

stereociliated cells in organ of corti

Question 4

what are cholesteatomas made of

sx

Answer 4

overgrowth of desquamated keratin debris within middle ear space

painless otorrhea

Question 5

meniere

sx

tx

Answer 5

increased endolymph within inner ear

sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus

low salt diet +/- diuretics

Question 6

what is open angle glaucoma

Answer 6

angle between the cornea and the iris is “open”

Question 7

what is closed angle glaucoma

Answer 7

angle between cornea and iris is “closed”

enlargement or anterior movement of lens against central iris –> obstruction of normal aqueous flow through pupil –> fluid builds up behind iris –> pushes peripheral iris against cornea and impedes flow through trabecular meshwork

Question 8

sx acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 8

very painful red eye, sudden vision loss, halos around lights, frontal headache, nausea and vomiting

Question 9

is open angle glaucoma painful

is closed angle glaucoma painful

Answer 9

no

yes

Question 10

flame shaped retinal hemorrhages are found in what dz

Answer 10

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 11

gross findings in hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 11

flame shaped retinal hemorrhages

microanuerysms

arteriovenous nicking

macular star

cotton wool spots

Question 12

“blood and thunder” appearance on fundoscopy indicates

Answer 12

retinal vein occlusion

Question 13

crinkling of retinal tissue and changes in vessel direction on fundoscopy

Answer 13

retinal detachment

Question 14

acute, painless, monocular vision loss with cherry red spot at fovea

Answer 14

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 15

what is retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 15

inherited progressive retinal degeneration

night blindness –> peripheral vision loss

Question 16

CN III damage sx

Answer 16

blown pupil w/ down and out gaze

Question 17

CN IV damage sx

Answer 17

pupil higher on affected side

head tilt to contralateral/unaffected side

Question 18

CN VI damage sx

Answer 18

affected eye unable to abduct, displaced medially

Question 19

what causes bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of lateral vision in both eyes)

Answer 19

pituitary lesion, chiasm lesion

Question 20

what causes left or right upper qaudrantanopia

“pie in the sky”

Answer 20

temporal lesion, MCA lesion

Question 21

what causes left or right lower quadrantanopia

Answer 21

parietal lesion, MCA lesion

Question 22

what causes central scotoma (loss of vision in center of visual field)

Answer 22

macular degeneration

Question 23

a right temporal lesion would cause what visual deficit

Answer 23

LEFT upper quadrantanopia

Question 24

what causes right or left hemianopia with macular sparing

Answer 24

occipital lesion, PCA lesion

Question 25

a right parietal lesion would cause what visual deficit

Answer 25

LEFT lower quadrantanopia

Question 26

an internal carotid artery aneurysm would impinge on what cranial nerve

Answer 26

abducens

Question 27

what is cavernous sinus syndrome

Answer 27

cause: pituitary tumor mass effect, carotid-cavernous fistula, or cavernous sinus thrombosis related to infection ophthalmoplegia (CN III, IV, VI) decreased corneal sensation (CN V) horner syndrome occasional decreased maxillary sensation

Question 28

sx internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer 28

impaired ipsilateral adduction and contralateral nystagmus