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Earth Science Rocks Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Properties of Rocks

A
  • Naturally occurring
  • Solid
  • May contain organic materials
  • NO definite chemical composition
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2
Q

Example of “may contain organic materials”

A

Fossils, shells, teeth, bones

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3
Q

Rocks may compose _________________.

A

Two or more minerals

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4
Q

Example of a rock containing two or more minerals

A

Granite (igneous rock) - feldspar, mica, quartz

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5
Q

Any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.

A

Rocks

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6
Q

Three types of rocks

A

Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks

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7
Q

Rocks that came from melted rock material (magma) or lava.

A

Igneous Rock

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8
Q

Type of Rock. When the magma cools down, it solidifies (namumuo) forming yung minerals sa loob. (Crystallization)

A

Igneous Rock

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9
Q

Two Classification of Igneous Rocks

A

Intrusive, Extrusive

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10
Q

Classification of Igneous Rock. Crystallize below Earth’s surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form.

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

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11
Q

Classification of Igneous Rock. Erupt onto the surface where they cool down quickly to form small crystals.

A

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

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12
Q

Intrusive igneous rocks are also known as ________

A

PLUTONIC

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13
Q

Extrusive igneous rocks are also known as ________

A

VOLCANIC

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14
Q

Examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks

A

Granite, Diorite, Pegmatite, Gabbro

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15
Q

Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks

A

Obsidian, Basalt, Andesite, Pumice, Rhyolite

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16
Q

Cooling time of intrusive and extrusive:

A

Intrusive: Thousands of years
Extrusive: Seconds to months

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17
Q

What does categorized “By Texture” mean?

A

Depends on the size of the crystals

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18
Q

By Texture. One that has large crystals.

A

Course-Grained (Part of Intrusive Rocks)

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19
Q

Examples of Course-Grained Rocks

A

Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Peridotite

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20
Q

By Texture. One that has small crystals.

A

Fine-Grained (Part of Extrusive Rocks)

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21
Q

Examples of Fine-Grained Rocks

A

Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt, Komatiite

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22
Q

By Chemical Composition. Grey to Black, Black to Olive Green Silicates.

A

Mafic (Basaltic), Ultramafic

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23
Q

By Texture. Mix, it has large embedded in small crystals.

A

Porphyritic

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24
Q

By Texture. No crystals, kapag sobrang bilis ng cooling this may happen.

A

Glassy

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25
Examples of Glassy Rocks
Pumice, Obsidian
26
Not used often. By Texture. Butas-butas
Vesicular
27
Examples of Vesicular
Pumice, Scoria
28
By Chemical Composition. Light, Light to Dark Grey Silicates.
Felsic (Granitic), Intermediate (Andesitic)
29
By Chemical Composition. Grey to Black, and Black to Olive Green
Mafic (Basaltic), Ultramafic
30
Rocks that are formed on or near the Earth's surface. It is the accumulation of mineral or organic particles, and founded from solidification of sediments.
Sedimentary Rocks
31
Two MAIN Classifications of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic (Detritus) SR, Organic (Dissolved) SR The Chemical SR is UNDER the Organic SR
32
This classification is formed from mechanical weathering. Give examples.
Clastic SR: Conglomerate, Shale, Sandstone
33
This classification is formed from the accumulation of plants or animal debris. Give examples.
Organic SR. Chalk, Coal, Lignite, Limestone, Dolomite
34
Sedimentary Rocks texture depends on the _____________
Depends on the size of the particles
35
Classifications of Sedimentary Rocks.
Coarse, Medium Sized, Very Fine
36
In the sedimentary classification, give the types and examples.
Coarse: Conglomerate - Rounded Sediments Breccia - Angular (May tusok-tusok) Medium Sized: Sandstone Fine: Siltstone Very fine: Shale Vry Vry Fine: Mudstone
37
An example of Sedimentary Rock that is made of organic materials:
Coquina
38
1. It is the rocks formed in the ceiling 2. rocks formed from the ground 3. if both 1 and 2 connect it will be called _____
1. Stalactites 2. Stalagmites 3. Column
39
These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks. Nabubuo mula sa ibang bato through the process of ________.
Metamorphic Rocks, Metamorphism
40
Process of change in the structure, texture, or composition of rocks to form the metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphism
41
What are the agents that causes metamorphism. Without these, the process would not work.
Heat and Pressure
42
The two types of metamorphism:
Contact Metamorphism & Regional Metamorphism
43
In this type of metamorphism, it will undergo the process if there is contact with heat (MAGMA). It also happens underneath the surface.
Contact Metamorphism
44
If there is too much heat close to the rocks, it would result to:
Melting
45
In this type of metamorphism, mas lamang ang PRESSURE, it usually happens at plate tectonic convergence zone. Unlike the other type, mas malaki ang bilang na nadadamay dito.
Regional Metamorphism
46
What does "Based on Texture" in classifying metamorphic rocks?
The arrangement of minerals.
47
Types of metamorphic rocks based on texture:
Non-Foliated Rocks & Foliated Rocks
48
These types of rocks (texture) are produced from contact metamorphism.
Non-Foliated Rocks
49
These types of rocks (texture) are produced from regional metamorphism
Foliated Rocks
50
These types of rocks (texture) are formed at LOW Pressure, HIGH Temperature. It has no cleavage.
Non-Foliated Rocks
51
Examples of Non-Foliated Rocks
Marble, Hornfels, Quartzite
52
This mean the parallel arrangement of certain mineral grains that gives the rock a striped appearance.
Foliation
53
These types of rocks (texture) are formed at HIGH Pressure. It contains cleavages.
Foliated Rocks
54
Examples of Foliated Rocks
Gneiss, Slate, (not sure Biotite)
55
The foliation in this rock is not seen with the naked eye.
Slate
56
This refers to the range of metamorphic change it undergoes, from low grade, or little metamorphic change; to high grade, or significant metamorphic change.
Metamorphic Grade
57
Low-grade metamorphic rocks tend to be ____________ and high-grade metamorphic rocks tend to be _____________.
Fine-Grained, Coarse-Grained
58
Metamorphic Grade; Increasing Pressure & Increasing Temperature:
Shale, Slate, Schist, Gneiss, Migmatite Hornfels (Only almost requires heat) Blueschist (only almost requires pressure)
59
_____ rock, also sometimes ________, is the original rock from which younger rock or soil is formed.
Parent Rock; Substratum
60
Connect Parent Rocks to the Metamorphic Rocks 1. Shale 2. Quartz/Sandstone 3. Limestone/Dolomite 3. Granite/Gabbro 4. Coal
a. Marble b. Slate c. Gneiss d. Quartzite e. Anthracite (b, d, a, c, e)
61
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Igneous Rocks?
Cooling/Crystallization of Magma (Lava)
62
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Igneous Rock?
Melting ----> Magma Heat & Pressure ----> Metamorphic Rock Weathering & Erosion ----> Sediments
63
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Sediments?
W & E of Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Rock
64
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Sediments?
Compaction & Cementation (Lithification) ----> Sedimentary Rock
65
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Sedimentary Rocks?
Lithification of sediments
66
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Sedimentary Rocks?
H & P ----> Metamorphic Rocks W & E ----> Sediments Melting ----> Magma
67
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Metamorphic Rocks?
H & P of Igneous & Sedimentary Rock
68
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Metamorphic Rocks?
W & E ----> Sediments Melting ----> Magma
69
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Magma?
Melting of Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Rock
70
The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Magma?
Cooling/Crystallization ----> Igneous Rock

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