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Correlation Day 1 > Earth Statistics > Flashcards

Earth Statistics Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is Earth’s average diameter?

A

Approximately 12,742 kilometers (7,918 miles).

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2
Q

What is Earth’s circumference at the equator?

A

About 40,075 kilometers (24,901 miles).

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3
Q

What is Earth’s mass?

A

Approximately 5.97 × 10^24 kilograms.

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4
Q

What is Earth’s surface area?

A

About 510 million square kilometers (197 million square miles).

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5
Q

What percentage of Earth’s surface is covered by water?

A

About 71%.

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6
Q

What is Earth’s average distance from the Sun?

A

Approximately 149.6 million kilometers (93 million miles), or 1 astronomical unit (AU).

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7
Q

What is Earth’s orbital period around the Sun?

A

365.25 days (1 year).

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8
Q

What is Earth’s rotational period (length of a day)?

A

Approximately 24 hours.

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9
Q

What is Earth’s axial tilt?

A

About 23.5 degrees.

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10
Q

What is Earth’s highest point above sea level?

A

Mount Everest, at 8,848 meters (29,029 feet).

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11
Q

What is Earth’s lowest point below sea level?

A

The Mariana Trench’s Challenger Deep, at about 10,984 meters (36,037 feet) below sea level.

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12
Q

What is Earth’s average surface temperature?

A

About 14°C (57°F).

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13
Q

What is Earth’s atmosphere composed of?

A

Roughly 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases (argon, carbon dioxide, etc.).

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14
Q

How old is Earth?

A

Approximately 4.54 billion years.

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15
Q

What is Earth’s average density?

A

About 5.51 grams per cubic centimeter.

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16
Q

What are the main layers of Earth?

A

Crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.

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17
Q

What is the thickness of Earth’s crust?

A

Oceanic crust: 5-10 km (3-6 miles); Continental crust: 30-50 km (18-31 miles).

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18
Q

What is the mantle’s composition?

A

Mostly solid rock rich in silicon, oxygen, magnesium, and iron.

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19
Q

How thick is Earth’s mantle?

A

About 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles).

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20
Q

What is the temperature range of the mantle?

A

Between 500°C (932°F) and 4,000°C (7,232°F).

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21
Q

What is the outer core made of?

A

Molten iron and nickel.

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22
Q

What is the thickness of the outer core?

A

About 2,200 kilometers (1,367 miles).

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23
Q

What is the temperature of the outer core?

A

Between 4,000°C (7,232°F) and 5,700°C (10,292°F).

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24
Q

What is the inner core made of?

A

Solid iron and nickel.

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25
What is the radius of the inner core?
About 1,220 kilometers (758 miles).
26
What is the temperature of the inner core?
Approximately 5,700°C (10,292°F).
27
What is the pressure at Earth's inner core?
About 3.6 million atmospheres.
28
What is the lithosphere?
The rigid outer layer of Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.
29
What is the asthenosphere?
A semi-fluid layer in the upper mantle that allows tectonic plates to move.
30
What is the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)?
The boundary between Earth's crust and mantle.
31
What is Earth's average gravitational acceleration at the surface?
Approximately 9.81 m/s² (32.2 ft/s²).
32
What is the strength of Earth's magnetic field at the surface?
About 25 to 65 microteslas (0.25 to 0.65 gauss).
33
What is the source of Earth's magnetic field?
The motion of molten iron and nickel in the outer core (geodynamo effect).
34
What is the average heat flow from Earth's interior?
About 87 milliwatts per square meter (mW/m²).
35
What is the total heat output from Earth's interior?
Approximately 47 terawatts (TW).
36
What is the average thickness of Earth's lithosphere?
About 100 kilometers (62 miles).
37
What is the speed of seismic P-waves in Earth's crust?
About 6 km/s (3.7 mi/s).
38
What is the speed of seismic S-waves in Earth's mantle?
About 4.5 km/s (2.8 mi/s).
39
What is the depth of the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)?
5-10 km (3-6 miles) under oceans; 30-50 km (18-31 miles) under continents.
40
What is the average density of Earth's crust?
About 2.7 g/cm³ for continental crust; 3.0 g/cm³ for oceanic crust.
41
What is the average density of Earth's mantle?
About 4.5 g/cm³.
42
What is the average density of Earth's core?
About 11 g/cm³ for the outer core; 13 g/cm³ for the inner core.
43
What is the pressure at Earth's inner core boundary?
About 330 gigapascals (3.3 million atmospheres).
44
What is the temperature at Earth's inner core boundary?
Approximately 5,700°C (10,292°F).
45
What is the average velocity of tectonic plate movement?
1-10 centimeters per year (0.4-4 inches per year).
46
What is the depth of the deepest earthquake ever recorded?
About 750 kilometers (466 miles).
47
What is the average frequency of earthquakes globally?
About 500,000 detectable earthquakes per year; 100,000 can be felt.
48
What is the magnitude of the largest recorded earthquake?
9.5 (1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile).
49
What is the average thickness of Earth's outer core?
About 2,200 kilometers (1,367 miles).
50
What is the average thickness of Earth's inner core?
About 1,220 kilometers (758 miles).
51
What is the average temperature gradient in Earth's crust?
About 25-30°C per kilometer (72-87°F per mile).
52
What is the average age of the oceanic crust?
About 100 million years (youngest near mid-ocean ridges).
53
What is the average age of the continental crust?
About 2 billion years (oldest parts are over 4 billion years).
54
What is the average thickness of Earth's asthenosphere?
About 180 kilometers (112 miles).
55
What is the average viscosity of Earth's mantle?
About 10^21 pascal-seconds (extremely high viscosity).
56
What is the average magnetic dip angle at the poles?
90 degrees (magnetic field lines point vertically).
57
What is the average magnetic dip angle at the equator?
0 degrees (magnetic field lines are horizontal).
58
What is the average rate of seafloor spreading?
2-10 centimeters per year (0.8-4 inches per year).
59
What is the average depth of Earth's oceanic crust?
About 5-10 kilometers (3-6 miles).
60
What is the average depth of Earth's continental crust?
About 30-50 kilometers (18-31 miles).

Correlation Day 1 (3 decks)

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