ECC Respiratory Flashcards
(56 cards)
if an animal is in respiratory distress what are the big 4 rule outs
cardiac
respiratory
neuromuscular
non-resp look alikes
describe an obstructive breathing pattern
- where it usually occurs
- in terms of T = C x R
upper airway
stertor, stridor
obstructive - deep, slow breath
resistance increases, time increases
describe a restrictive breathing pattern
- where it usually occurs
- in terms of T = C x R
lower airways, parenchyma, pleural space
rapid shallow breaths
compliance decreases, time decreases
what is a great choice for sedation in a patient with respiratory distress? why?
butorphanol
respiratory and cough suppressant; decreased work, turbulence, edema
airway obstructions cause 3 main consequences
- hypoxemia
- hypercapnia
- hyperthermia
what other sedative can you give for anxiety and to help cool the patient if hyperthermic?
acepromazine - vasodilation
5 indications for intubation
which is the most common?
upper airway obstruction (most common)
unprotected airway
hypoventilation
respiratory fatigue
respiratory failure
Describe proper probe placement on the thorax for a TPOCUS
perpendicular to the ribs
notch towards the head
where should the probe placement be for the R short axis view of the heart?
R long axis view of the heart?
short axis - notch faces elbow
long axis - parallel to heart
what are some signs of a normal thorax on POCUS?
gator sign
glide sign
A lines
what are some signs of a pneumothorax?
caudodorsal lung field
no glide sign
differentiate from SQ emphysema w/ rads and push SQ emphysema out of the way if trying to look at lungs with POCUS
what are some signs of pleural effusion?
middle or ventral lung field
no glide sign
should see anechoic fluid between parietal and visceral pleura
what side do you do a pericardiocentesis? why?
right side due to left coronary artery
how can you recognize a wet lung? what causes this?
B lines
fluid cuffed by air filled alveoli
what type of fluid can cause B lines
cardiogenic edema
noncardiogenic edema
contusion
inflam
hemorrhage
how can you identify consolidation of the lungs on POCUS
“hepatization” - takes appearance of solid organ
what can a wedge consolidation indicate
pulmonary thromboembolism
primary ddx for a wet right middle lung lobe
aspiration pneumonia
if a cat has bilaterally wet lungs in >2 sites, what is your main ddx
left CHF
Bilaterally symmetric caudodorsal to perihilar distribution that is the same on the left and right hemithorax, main ddx?
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Understand limitations of lung US
only evaluate 2-3mm
can’t characterize type of fluid
can’t evaluate parenchyma in presence of effusion or air
can’t replace thoracic rads or CT
what are the two differentials if there is a bilateral alveolar pattern on caudodorsal lung field on thoracic rads and coalescing B lines in caudodorsal lung field on TPOCUS
cardiogenic edema
noncardiogenic edema
what are some consequences of BOAS
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
vomiting, regurg, hiatal hernia
aspiration pneumonia
recurrent laryngeal collapse and everted laryngeal saccules
hyperthermia
hypoxemia, hypercapnia = hypertension, exercise intolerance, chemodectomas
what are the immediate treatments for BOAS
sedation (torb + ace)
oxygen
cooling
nebulized epinephrine
intubate
