Oncology Part 2 Flashcards by AE G

most common oral tumors in dogs

fibrosarcoma
melanoma
SCC

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most common oral tumors in cats

SCC
fibrosarcoma

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canine fibrosarcomas
- breed?
- location?
- metastasis?
- treatment?
- prognosis?

large breeds
palate, maxilla, mandible
slow to met
complete excision
fair/good

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canine melanoma
- breed?
- location?
- metastasis?
- treatment?
- prognosis?

older small breeds
mucosa/gingiva
LN and lung common
complete excision
poor prognosis

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canine SCC
- breed?
- location?
- metastasis?
- treatment?
- prognosis?

large breeds
rostral mandible, tonsil, tongue
LN or lungs
complete excision for rostral lesions, partial glossectomy for tongue
good prognosis if rostral lesion on mandible or tongue
worse prognosis if tonsils, mets, or caudal location on mandible or tongue

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feline SCC
- location?
- metastasis?
- prognosis?

maxilla, mandible, under tongue, some bone involvement
LN and lung mets UNCOMMON
poor response to sx and radiation

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feline fibrosarcoma
- location?
- metastasis?
- prognosis?

gingiva, lip or cheek, some bone involvement
occasionally mets
fair response to surgery

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best way to obtain a histological diagnosis of an oral mass?

incisional biopsy
- preserve lip/cheek
- don’t go through normal tissue (risk of seeding)
- do not FNA

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most common intestinal/stomach tumors in dogs?

1) adenocarcinoma
2) lymphoma

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most common intestinal/stomach tumors in cats?

1) lymphoma
2) adenocarcinoma

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what are the diagnostic and treatment challenges of a “hi-low” fibrosarcoma

histologically low grade, biologically high grade
low met rate but high local recurrence
very invasive and requires large margins

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treatment for solitary intestinal masses or obstructive tumors?

surgery

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treatment for palliation of intestinal tumors?

stenting, rerouting, bypass

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treatment for diffuse lymphoma in intestines?

chemotherapy

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perineal tumor differentials in a dog? which is the most common?

AGASACA
perineal adenoma (most common)
perineal adenocarcinoma

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AGASACA biologic behavior?

aggressive
mets to LN (sublumbar first site)

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does the size of an AGASACA tumor correlate with presence of metastatic disease?

what paraneoplastic syndrome is seen with AGASACA?

hypercalcemia

most common treatment for AGASACA?

surgery - LN removal and anal sacculectomy

when is surgery not indicated for an AGASACA?

invasion into muscle
360 involvement of vessels
extensive seeding into abdominal wall

Perianal Gland Adenoma biologic behavior?

associated with plasma androgen levels
cocker spaniels!
located at prepuce, scrotum, tail, inguinal area

Perianal Adenocarcinoma biologic behavior?

NOT androgen dependent
locally invasive, can met to LN

how can you differentiate an adenoma from adenocarcinoma?

can’t via FNA

treatment for perianal adenoma or adenocarcinoma?

surgery

soft tissue sarcomas - location? - painful? - biologic behavior? - metstasis?

- cutaneous or SQ - non-painful - locally invasive, recurrence common - low met rate - if it does = lungs

ideal surgical margins for soft tissue sarcoma resection

3cm margins laterally 1 uninvolved fascial plane beneath include biopsy tract

what are some therapeutic options for an incompletely excised soft tissue sarcoma?

second surgery radiation therapy chemo (poor choice)

explain the 3-2-1 Rule for cats having a cutaneous lump following a vaccine

- lump persists for 3mo after vaccine - larger than 2cm in diameter - increases in size 1 mo after vx

diagnosis of a feline injection site sarcoma

incisional biopsy

treatment for a feline injection site sarcoma

surgery - 5cm margin laterally, 2 uninvolved fascial planes below, include biopsy tract

what are the tools to do an incisional biopsy on an appendicular bone tumor

open - wedge, trephine, curette closed - jamshidi

for a biopsy of an appendicular bone tumor where should the incision be in reference to the long axis of the limb

cranial or craniolateral incision parallel to the long axis of limb

what are some options for curative intent for OSA

surgical - amp/chemo or limb salvage/chemo radiation - SRT/chemo

for a dog with OSA what are the causes of mortality following palliative care and following curative-intent therapy

palliative - local disease; euthanasia due to increasing pain or pathologic fracture curative - metastasis

for OSA what are the median survival times following curative-intent therapy and following palliative therapy.

palliative only 1-2 months amp only 4-7 months amp + chemo 1yr

what is the main drug used for adjuvant therapy for OSA

carboplatin

The role of radiation therapy AFTER limb amputation in the treatment of appendicular OSA

it is NOT indicated as amputation is a wide local or radical excision

ideal margins for OSA?

3cm bone margins and 1 fascial plane surrounding

favorable locations for limb salvaging procedure

**distal radius** ulna scapula

unfavorable locations for limb salvaging procedure

stifle tibia humerus

what is a 'positive' prognostic factor for patients with a traditional limb salvage surgery

infection - associated with improved survival

What procedure has been shown effective for treatment of hypertrophic osteopathy 2o to pulmonary OSA metastasis?

metastasectomy if solitary lesion if no solitary lesions – bisphosphonates