Oral Sx & Ortho Sx

Question 1

which oral surgery management has the greatest risk of long term malocclusion?

Answer 1

conservative

Question 2

what management:
young animals
non-displaced fracture

Answer 2

conservative management

Question 3

criteria for maxillomandibular fixation?
what are the two types?
when must you place feeding tube?
highest risk of what?

Answer 3

all 4 canines
rigid (canines) and non-rigid (buttons)
before fixation
aspiration pneumonia

Question 4

what management option is available for cats with symphyseal separation?

Answer 4

symphyseal wire

Question 5

criteria for inter-dental wiring with acrylic splints?

Answer 5

large teeth on either side of fracture line - NO caudal fracture, NO if no teeth, NO if severe PD

Question 6

criteria for inter-fragmentary wiring?

Answer 6

wire perpendicular to fracture line
NO in comminuted fx, large defects or fractures secondary to PD
puzzle piece teeth

Question 7

what management would you use for a very comminuted or caudal fracture or an edentulous patient?

Answer 7

rigid fixation

Question 8

what are the 5 fundamentals of maxillofacial fracture repairs (most important to least)

Answer 8

1. stabilize
2. restore occlusion
3. maintain blood supply
4. early return to function
5. rigid skeletal fixation

Question 9

chronic intermittent ortho suspicion

Answer 9

chronic tendinopathies

Question 10

chronic, slowly progressive ortho suspicion

Answer 10

arthritis

Question 11

acute, improving ortho suspicion

Answer 11

1st/2nd degree sprain/strain

Question 12

acute, severe, persistent ortho suspicion

Answer 12

fracture
luxation

Question 13

acute with chronic history ortho suspicion

Answer 13

pathologic fracture
exacerbation of OA

Question 14

which joint is hard to assess for effusion

Answer 14

hip

Question 15

difference between passive ROM and flexibility testing?

Answer 15

PROM: muscles on slack
flexibility - muscle stretch/extensibility

Question 16

4 beat gait without a suspension phase

Answer 16

walk

Question 17

accelerated walk maintaining 4-beat gait pattern

Answer 17

amble

Question 18

2-beat, diagonal gait with suspension phase

Answer 18

trot

Question 19

2-beat lateral gait

Answer 19

pace

Question 20

asymmetric gait (3-beat gait with different patterns on the right and left side)

Answer 20

canter

Question 21

fastest gait

Answer 21

gallop

Question 22

in trot, head nod/bob can occur with which limbs?

Answer 22

ipsilateral

Question 23

in pace, head/bob can occur with which limbs?

Answer 23

contralateral

Question 24

what is the difference between a grade 1, 2/3, 4, 5 lameness

Answer 24

1 - inconsistent
2/3 - head movement/pelvic tilt
4 - occasional non-weight bearing/toe touching
5 - always non-weight bearing/toe touching

Question 25

how to examine the biceps m

Answer 25

shoulder flexion elbow extension

Question 26

how to examine the supraspinatus m

Answer 26

pain on greater tubercle shoulder and elbow flexion

Question 27

what are tentative diagnostics for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy?

Answer 27

PE rads (chronic changes) US (non-mineralized)

Question 28

what are definitive diagnostics for biceps/supraspinatus tendinopathy?

Answer 28

MRI arthroscopy for biceps tendinopathy only

Question 29

radiographs show mineralization on the intertubercular groove makes you suspicious of which tendinopathy?

Answer 29

biceps tendinopathy

Question 30

radiographs show mineralization on the greater tubercle makes you suspicious of which tendinopathy?

Answer 30

supraspinatus tendinopathy

Question 31

treatment options for biceps tendinopathy (medical and surgical)

Answer 31

PT/Rehab/Meds Triamcinolone tenodesis (preserves elbow flexion) tenotomy (loss of support, cannot flex elbow)

Question 32

treatment options for supraspinatus tendinopathy (medical and surgical)

Answer 32

PT/Rehab/Meds shock wave, biologics (stem cells, PRP) tendon resection release of transverse humeral ligament release incisions in supraspinatus

Question 33

how to diagnosis medial shoulder instability/syndrome

Answer 33

abduction angle arthroscopy MRI

Question 34

medial shoulder instability/syndrome surgical options

Answer 34

radiofreq shrinkage **prosthetic ligament reconstruction** tendon transposition

Question 35

what are the two forms of achilles tendinopathy? how to treatments differ?

Answer 35

acute - laceration, suture (three-pulley technique) degenerative - sometimes surgery

Question 36

what is ruptured if plantigrade stance + flat paw w/ stifle in extension

Answer 36

all components of common calcaneal tendon surgical!

Question 37

what is ruptured if plantigrade + crab claw like stance

Answer 37

SDF is still intact type 2c injury - non-surgical (orthotics)

Question 38

achilles tendinopathy diagnostics?

Answer 38

rads MSK US

Question 39

what is not recommended for non-surgical treatment of CCLD

Answer 39

orthotics/prosthetics

Question 40

what causes medial compartment disease? what are the specific exam findings?

Answer 40

fragmented coronoid process pain on hyperflexion, hyperextension pain on medial compartment pressure/palpation crepitus, reduced ROM, swelling

Question 41

medial compartment disease diagnostics?

Answer 41

Campbells test rads only 50-70% accurate CT for osseous arthroscopy for cartilage

Question 42

CT view for medial compartment disease transverse view is best for? sagittal view best for?

Answer 42

transverse - coronoid sagittal - incongruity of radius/ulna

Question 43

surgical options for medial compartment disease

Answer 43

arthroscopic debridement ulnar ostectomy

Question 44

non-surgical options for medial compartment disease

Answer 44

arthritis management

Question 45

most common factor affecting OA in dogs?

Answer 45

genetics/developmental

Question 46

diagnostic of choice for OA?

Answer 46

radiographs - Osteophytes, enthesophytes, effusion - Periarticular swelling, subchondral sclerosis - Intra-articular mineralization, subchondral cysts

Question 47

what are the 10 steps for OA treatment

Answer 47

1. prevention (breeding, nutrition, sterilization) 2. surgery (young, fixable) 3. weight/PA 4. drugs 5. fish oils 6-8 supplements 9. joint injections 10. surgery

Question 48

4 A’s of Orthopedic Radiographs

Answer 48

alignment apposition apparatus activity