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general physiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

correspond to the valves closing

A

LUBB-DUBB

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2
Q

is produced when the atrioventricular valves i.e. tricuspid and bicuspid valves close at the start of ventricular systole

A

LUB

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3
Q

is produced at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.

A

DUB

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4
Q

tricuspid and mitral valves

A

atrioventricular valves

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5
Q

located on the left side of the heart

A

bicuspid

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6
Q

located on the right side of the heart

A

tricuspid valve

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7
Q

pulmonary and aortic valves are part of

A

semilunar valves

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8
Q

are located at the connections between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, and the aorta and the left ventricle

A

semilunar valves

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9
Q

contraction or depolarization

A

systole

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10
Q

happens when a chamber squeezes blood out

A

systole

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11
Q

relaxation or repolarization

A

diastole

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12
Q

happens when a chamber is ready to receive blood

A

diastole

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13
Q

graphic representation of the heart’s electrical activities throughout the body

A

electrocardiogram

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14
Q

measure the difference in electrical potential between two points

A

leads

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15
Q

standard EKG leads

A

lead I, II, and III

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16
Q

3 augmented limb leads

A

aVR, AVL, aVF

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17
Q

how many precordial leads

A

6

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18
Q

generated by the combination of 3 electrodes

A

12-lead ECG

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19
Q

septal view of the heart in what electrode

A

V1 and V2a

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20
Q

anterior view of the hear

A

V3 and V4

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21
Q

lateral view of the heart

what electrode

A

V5 and V6

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22
Q

lateral view (calculated by analysing activity between RA and LA electrodes)

A

lead I

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23
Q

inferior view (calculated by analysing activity between RA and LL electrodes)

A

Lead II

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24
Q

inferior view (calculated by analysing activity between the LA and LL electrodes)

A

Lead III

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25
Q

lateral view (calculated by analysing activity between LA=LL>RA)

A

aVR

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26
Q

Lateral view calculated by analysing activity between RA=LL >LA

A

aVL

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27
Q

inferior view calculated by analysing activity between RA=LA>LL

A

aVF

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28
Q

rate at which ECG machine produces a trace

A

paper output speed

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29
Q

standard output in ECG

A

25 mm/s

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30
Q

1 small square (1mm) is equal to

A

0.04s

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31
Q

5 small square (5mm) =

A

0.2 sec (200ms)

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32
Q

5 large squares

A

1 second

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33
Q

calculating rates includ

A

large square method
small square method
r wave method

34
Q

calculate the rates using large square method

A

+1

35
Q

calculate the rates using small square method

A

+1

36
Q

study R wave method

A

+1

37
Q

normal heart beat in adults

A

60-100

38
Q

tachycardia in adults

A

> 100bpm

39
Q

bradycardia in adults

A

<60 bpm

40
Q

normal heart beat in newborn

A

110-150bpm

41
Q

normal heart beat in 2 yrs old

A

85-125

42
Q

normal heart beat in 4 years old

A

75-115

43
Q

normal heart beat in 6 years

A

60-100

44
Q

rhythms can be

A

regular and irregular

45
Q

irregular rhythms can be

A

regularly irregular
irregularly irregular

46
Q

atrial depolarization

what part of PQRST Wave

A

P wave

47
Q

what part of PQRST Wave

ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

48
Q

what part of PQRST Wave

ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

49
Q

what part of PQRST Wave

Purkinje Fiber repolarization

A

U wave

50
Q

measruement of ST segment depression in exercise stress testing

A

J-60 Point

51
Q

measurement of ST segment elevation and ST segment depression in most instances

A

J point

52
Q

correct reference level for measuring ST segment is

A

PR segment

53
Q

also called baseline level or isoelectric segment

A

PR segment

54
Q

Also known as ECG or EKG.

A

electrocardiogram

55
Q

It is a test that records the electrical activity of your heart, including the rate and rhythm

A

electrocardiogram

56
Q

is the process of producing an electrocardiogram, a recording of the heart’s electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles.

A

electrocardiography

57
Q

: located in the heart’s upper right chamber, it initiates electrical impulses.

A

sinoatrial node

58
Q

delays impulse before transmitting them to the ventricles.

A

atrioventricular node

59
Q

conducts impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.

A

bundle of his

60
Q

conduct the impulse through the interventricular septum.

A

bundle branches

61
Q

distribute impulses throughout the ventricles, causing them to contract.

A

purkinje fibers

62
Q

60 – 100 BPM

inherent rate of what node

A

SA node

63
Q

inherent rate of 40 – 60 BPM

A

atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of his

64
Q

inherent rates of cardiac cells

20-40bpm

A

bundle branches
purkinje fibers

65
Q

– the heart rate generated by which cardiac cells that sends the impulse

A

inherent rates

66
Q

represents atrial depolarization (atria contracts/systole).

A

p wave

67
Q

represents ventricular depolarization (ventricles contracts/systole

A

qrs complex

68
Q

– represents ventricular repolarization (ventricle relax/diastole)

A

t wave

69
Q

onset of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex (It reflects conduction through the AV node).

A

P-R interval

70
Q

represents the interval between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

A

ST interval

71
Q

– Represents time taken for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

A

QT interval

72
Q

how to do ECG

A

Identify the rhythm
Determine the heart rate
Identify and Examine the P waves
Measure the P-R interval
Measure the QRS complex
Interpret the strip

73
Q

determine the heart rate method

A

+1

74
Q

method works best for regular rhythm

A

1500 method

75
Q

count the # of R in between and multiply by 10

A

6 seconds strip method

76
Q

Works best for regular/irregular rhythm

A

6 seconds strip method

77
Q

must be present and upright.

A

P wave

78
Q

abnormalities areassociated with left atrial enlargement, left atrial hypertension, and altered conduction

A

P wave abnormalities

79
Q

Obtained by counting the number of small boxes in between beginning of the P wave and at the beginning of the QRS complex and multiplying it 0.04 sec.

A

P-R interval

80
Q

PR interval formula

A

of box Beginning P wave to Beginning QRS x 0.04

81
Q

Obtained by counting the number of small boxes within the QRS complex then multiply by 0.04 sec

A

QRS complex

82
Q

QRS complex formula

A

of box within QRS x 0.04

general physiology (15 decks)

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