Flashcards in Ecology Deck (62)
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1
what latitude range do most primates live in?
-10 degrees north and south of equator
-rarely dip into temperate zones
2
example of primate that lives in temperate zone
-japanese macaque
-eats bark and pinecones because food is limited in the winter
3
squirrel monkey - distribution
-amazon
-central america
-costa rica
LARGE DISTRIBUTION
4
cotton topped tamarin - distribution
-north western Colombia
SMALL DISTRIBUTION
5
uakari - distribution
-lives on 2 sides of amazon
-Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
LARGE DISTRIBUTION
6
baboon - distribution
-subsaharan Africa
-South Africa
-successful species
LARGE DISTRIBUTION
7
geleta and hamadryas baboon - distribution
-central eastern Africa
SMALL DISTRIBUTION
8
talapoin monkey - distribution
-central western Africa
SMALL DISTRIBUTION
9
chimpanzee - distribution
-central Africa
-equator/rainforest
SMALL DISTRIBUTION
10
golden-lion tamarin - distribution
-Brazil
-endangered
SMALL DISTRIBUTION
11
owl monkey - distribution
-south america
LARGE DISTRIBUTION
12
nocturnal or diurnal foraging activity - prosimians vs monkeys
-prosimians: nocturnal
-monkeys: diurnal (except owl monkey - successful because there are no prosimians in south america)
13
Habitats with monkeys
1. Rainforest
2. Deciduous seasonal forest/temperate woodland
3. Montane forest
4. Grassland savannah/woodland mosaic-desert
14
rainforest habitat
-carrying capacity?
-equator
-highest carrying capacity
15
montane forest
-which monkey?
-mountain gorilla
16
grassland savannah
-which monkeys?
-problem?
-galago
-macaques
-vervet
-hamadryas baboon
-gelata baboon
**ground predator exposure
17
top canopy
-which monkey
-spider monkey
18
middle canopy
-which monkey
-capuchin (pushed intelligence to live here)
19
niches - categories
-insectivores
-sapivores
-frugivores
-folivores
-opportunistic omnivores
20
insectivores
-smaller primates
21
sapivores
-lemurs
-pygmy marmoset
22
frugivores
-orangutan
-pretty much all monkeys like fruit
23
folivores
-all primates
-especially spider monkey
24
opportunistic omnivore
-chimpanzees - predator for red colobus monkeys
25
George Schaller (1963)
-primate and field ecology research
-mountain gorilla
26
percent of leaves in diet - graph
-x axis: body weight
-y axis: percent of leaves in diet
-galago-->tamarin-->macaque-->chimp-->gorilla
27
adaptations for vegetarianism
-sportive lemur
-langur/howler
-colobus
-gorilla
-sportive lemur: copophagia
-langur/howler: elongated intestine
-colobus: sacculated stomach
-gorilla: long digestive tract
28
plant adaptations to limit consumption
-new leaves?
-sunlight?
-monkey examples (5)
-chemicals that must be tolerated by monkeys
-new leaves have more difficult to digest chemicals
-sunlight can increase chemicals
-howler monkey: can eat new leaves, red leaves and sun leaves
-bamboo and gentle lemur
-aye aye - coconuts and bark
-tarsier can spin head 180 degrees
-chimps and self-medication
29
extreme example of monkey adaptations to plant chemicals
-bamboo and gentle lemur
-bamboo-cyanide
-gentle lemur is a bamboo specialist; should be dead based on amount it consumes
-500 mg; 12x lethal dose
30
