Give some countries in free market capitalism
USA, Canada, Japan and West Europe
Give some countries with a centrally planned economy
USSR, China, Cuba and East Europe
What are the aims of the World Bank?
- Finance development
- Aid function of capitalism
- Eliminate poverty
- Implement sustainable goals
- Prosperity among lower 40% of each country
What are the aims of the WTO?
- Reduce trade barriers
- Negotiate free trade
- poverty reduction
- decision making by mutual agreement
What are the aims of the IMF?
- Stabilise global currencies following 1930s depression
- Countries input to fund debt aid
- Promote global security
What are the aims of the OECD?
- Improve economic and social wellbeing
- Work with gov to find solutions
What are the aims of the World Economic Forum?
- Bring together business, political, academic and leaders of society to shape global agendas
- Meet once a year to discuss global issues
Why do some people think there could be another cold war?
- Russia cut of oil supply to Ukraine and EU in 2008
- Warning to USA to stay out of its sphere of influence
- 80% of Russian exports travel through Ukraine
Describe the Cold War 1945-1990
- US navy surrounded the USSR in policy of containment with 70 submarines
- Both nations supported ‘proxy wars’
- USSR communist committee controlled, press, military, economy and NGOs and funded communism worldwide
- Both had nuclear strategies
Name the two types of TNC
Publicly traded (owned by shareholders) State-owned (majority or wholly owned by the gov)
In 2006, 6 of the top 10 TNCs by revenue were (1)
Of five TNCs that dropped from the top ten car manufacturing companies, (2) were American
1 - American
2 - 4
(1) of TNCs make them key players in maintaining power and wealth. TNCs are economic (2) but have leverage on (3)
1 - size, global reach and wealth
2 - entities
3 - prosperity and politics
Trade increased 46% between (1) and so global shift happened where manufacturing moved to (2), since 1990, the shift rapidly increased in (3) from developing countries. Shifted economic power from (4) and increased power of TNCs rather than (5) trade
1 - 1960-2010 2 - China 3 - exports 4 - West Europe 5 - intracompany
UNCTAD (1) estimated in 2013 that TNCs account for (2)% of all global trade
1 - United Nations Conference on Trade And Development
2 - 80
In 1995, the (1) required all members to protect and enforce (2) under patent law which favoured (3). Patents by (4) are too expensive for LEDCs e.g. treatment for HIV is not accessible in (5) but they are worst affected
1 - WTO 2 - intellectual property rights 3 - TNCs 4 - Pharmaceutical companies 5 - Sub-Saharan Africa
(1) crops controlled by TNCs force farmers to only use their products or they will stop seed production so every year they must (2)
1 - GM
2 - Buy a new seed from that TNC
Give some examples of TNCs and culture
- International food in supermarkets
- Youtube/ Amazon available globally
Describe the case study of the cultural impact of Apple
- Until 2015, Apple was the largest company in the USA
- Digital music created a $7bn industry
- Sold more than 1 bn devices
- Revolutionised video conferencing and instant messaging
Describe superpower intervention in Afghanistan
- 40 years of foreign invasion and civil war
- Superpowers act as ‘global police’
- Trade routes for C. Asia, India and Russia
- 99% Muslim population
- Communist gained power in 1978 supported by USSR
- USA supported ‘Islamic warriors’ to dispute USSR wo withdrew in 1989
Describe the threat of climate change on Kiribati
- Low lying (1m above sea level)
- 1/4 the size of London
- 102k population
- Sand imported from Australia
- Environmental refugees
- Since 1990, sea levels rose 12cm in first five years
Describe the UN security council and peacekeeping
- Prevent conflict between 15 members
- Five permanent members can veto any resolution
- During Cold War constant vetoes reflected hostility between USSR and USA
Describe the International court of justice
- Judicial branch of the UN
- Deals with countries not individuals
- Based in Netherlands
How is the UN tackling climate change?
- Annual conferences
- Aims to make legally binding contracts since 1995
- 2015 Paris agreement
- 55 countries signed
China:
- (1)% of the world’s coal consumption for (2)% of the population
- Accounted for (3)% of growth in global sea traffic
1 - 50
2 - 18
3 - 90
Middle class in the BRICS countries expected to grow (1) by 2030
1 - from 2 billion to 5 billion
