Ecosystem

Question 1

An ECOSYSTEM can be visualized as a ____ of nature , where living organisms interact among ____ and also with the _____ .

Answer 1

Functional unit
Themselves
Surrounding physical environment

Question 2

Many ecologists regard the _____ as a composite of all the local ecosystems on Earth .

Answer 2

Entire biosphere

Question 3

_,___and____are some examples of terrestrial ecosystems .

Answer 3

Forest
Grassland
Desert

Question 4

Some examples of aquatic ecosystems -

Answer 4

Pond
Lake 
Wetland 
River 
Estuary

Question 5

Man made ecosystems -

Answer 5

Crop field

Aquarium

Question 6

The structure of ecosystem consists of - INPUT=____, transfer of energy =____ and OUTPUT =______ .

Answer 6

Productivity
Food chain /web , nutrient cycling
Degradation , energy loss

Question 7

Interaction of __and ___ result in a physical structure that is characteristic for each type of ECOSYSTEM .

Answer 7

Biotic

Abiotic components

Question 8

Identification and ENUMERATION of plant and animal species of an ecosystem gives its ____ .

Answer 8

Species composition

Question 9

___ of diff species occupying diff levels is called STRATIFICATION .

Answer 9

Vertical distribution

Question 10

Trees occupy the top vertical strata of forest , __ the second and ____ and ___ , the bottom layer .

Answer 10

Shrubs
Herbs
Grasses

Question 11

The structure of ecosystem consists of -

Answer 11

Species composition

Stratification

Question 12

The ASPECTS which make the ecosystem function as a unit are -

Answer 12

1) productivity
2) decomposition
3) energy flow
4) nutrient cycling

Question 13

Give an example of a fairly self-sustainable ecosystem unit and rather a type that explain even the complex interactions that exist in an aquatic ecosystem .

Answer 13

Pond

Question 14

A pond is a shallow water body in which all the ___ components of an ecosystem are well exhibited .

Answer 14

4 basic

Question 15

The abiotic component of a pond ecosystem is __with all the ___ and ___at the bottom of the pond .

Answer 15

Water
Dissolved inorganic and organic substances
Rich soil deposit

Question 16

The ___, ____ ____ and ____ regulate the rate of function of the entire pond .

Answer 16

Solar input
Cycle of temp
Day -length
Other climatic conditions

Question 17

The __component of pond include PHYTOPLANKTON .

Answer 17

AUTOTROPHIC

Question 18

The CONSUMERS are represented by _____ in a pond .

Answer 18

Zooplankton

Question 19

The decomposers in a pond are ___ ,____and ____ especially abundant in the _____ .

Answer 19

Fungi
Bacteria
Flagellates
Bottom of the pond

Question 20

There is a ____ movement of entry towards ____ and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment .

Answer 20

Unidirectional

Higher trophies levels

Question 21

Autotrophs convert __to __material with the help of radiant energy .

Answer 21

Inorganic

Organic

Question 22

A CONSTANT ____ is the basic req for ANY ecosystem .to function and sustain .

Answer 22

Solar energy

Question 23

_____ is defined as the at of BIOMASS do organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis .

Answer 23

Prim PRODUCTION

Question 24

Primary production is expressed in terms of WEIGHT as ____ or energy as _____ .

Answer 24

gm _2

Kcal m_2

Question 25

The rate of biomass production is called ___ .

Answer 25

Productivity

Question 26

Productivity is expressed in terms of -

Answer 26

gm_2 yr_1 | kcal m_2 yr_1

Question 27

_____ of an ecosystem is the rate of production of ORGANIC MATTER during photosynthesis .

Answer 27

Gross prim productivity ( GPP )

Question 28

A considerable amt of _____ is utilised by plants in respiration .

Answer 28

GPP

Question 29

NPP =_____ -_____ .

Answer 29

GPP - RL

Question 30

NPP is the available biomass for the consumption to ____ .

Answer 30

Heterotrophs ( herbivores / decomposers )

Question 31

Sec productivity is defined as the rate of formation of ___ by CONSUMERS .

Answer 31

New ORGANIC MATTER

Question 32

Prim productivity depends on the ____ .

Answer 32

Plant species inhabiting a PARTICULAR AREA

Question 33

Prim productivity also depends on a ____, ___ and _____ of plants .

Answer 33

Variety of environmental factors Availability of nutrients Photosynthetic capacity of plants

Question 34

__ varies in diff types of ecosystems .

Answer 34

Prim productivity

Question 35

The annual NET PRIM PRODUCTIVITYof the whole BIOSPHERE is approx _____ .

Answer 35

170 billion tons ( dry wt ) of organic matter

Question 36

Oceans occupy _____% of the surface , but their productivity is only _____ TONS .

Answer 36

70% 55 billion tons (P of rest of biosphere = 170-55 =115 BILLION TONS )

Question 37

Productivity of land =

Answer 37

115 billion tons

Question 38

Decomposers break __into ____ .

Answer 38

Complex organic matter | Inorganic substances like CO2 , H2O , nutrients

Question 39

_____is the raw material for decomposition .

Answer 39

Detritus

Question 40

What constitutes detritus ?

Answer 40

Dead plant remains - leaves ,bark , flowers | Dead remains of animals including fecal matter .

Question 41

Earthworms break ____into smaller particles , therefore they are called _____ .

Answer 41

Detritus | Detrivores

Question 42

The process by which earthworms ( detrivores ) break down detritus into smaller particles is called -

Answer 42

Fragmentation

Question 43

By the process of leaching , ____ go down into the soil horizon and get PRECIPITATED AS _____ .

Answer 43

Soluble inorganic nutrients | Unavailable salts

Question 44

______degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances .

Answer 44

Bacterial and fungal ENZYMES

Question 45

The process by which bacterial and fungal enzymes degrade. Detritus into simpler inorganic substances is called -

Answer 45

Catabolism

Question 46

Diff btw fragmentation and catabolism ?

Answer 46

Frag - by earthworm ; breakdown into smaller particles ( physical process ) Cata - by bacterial and fungal enzymes ; breakdown into simpler inorganic substances ( chemical process )