Ecosystem Development

Question 1

Change in SPECIES COMPOSITION and community structure & function through time

Answer 1

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

Question 2

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION:

• Series of _____ & _____
• _______, CONTINUOUS, & _______
• Ends in a STABLE COMMUNITY ➝ ______

Answer 2

• COLONIZATION & EXTINCTION
• NON-SEASONAL, DIRECTIONAL
• CLIMAX

Question 3

SUCCESSIONAL PATTERNS

Answer 3

SERE & SERAL STAGE

Question 4

SEQUENCE of COMMUNITY CHANGE in a particular area leading towards a STABLE STATE

Answer 4

SERE

Question 5

stage in a sere

Answer 5

SERAL STAGE

Question 6

SUCCESSIONAL PATTERNS

1. _____ ➝ _____ ➝ _____ ➝ ______

Answer 6

1. New Bare Substrate ➝ COLONIZING Stage ➝ SUCCESSIONAL Stage ➝ CLIMAX Stage

Question 7

MECHANISMS OF SUCCESSION

Answer 7

1. FACILITATION
2. TOLERANCE
3. INHIBITION

Question 8

Environment less suitable for early species but more suitable for late successional species; early successional species die out

Answer 8

1. FACILITATION

Question 9

Environment less suitable for early species but neither less nor more favourable for later successional species

Answer 9

2. TOLERANCE

Question 10

Environment less suitable for establishment by all species

Answer 10

3. INHIBITION

Question 11

• Decomposers break down organic matter
• Characterized by the detrital food chain
• Energy declines as succession proceeds

Answer 11

1. DEGRADATIVE SUCCESSION

Question 12

TYPES OF SUCCESSION

Answer 12

1. DEGRADATIVE SUCCESSION
2. AUTOTROPHIC SUCCESSION
3. TERRESTRIAL SUCCESSION
4. POND SUCCESSION
5. CORAL REEF SUCCESSION

Question 13

• Habitat continually occupied by living organisms ; does not lead to degradation

Answer 13

2. AUTOTROPHIC SUCCESSION

Question 14

TYPES OF AUTOTROPHIC SUCCESSION

Answer 14

PRIMARY SUCCESSION
SECONDARY SUCCESSION

Question 15

• Occurs on a site previously UNOCCUPIED by a community
• Relatively LOW
  E.g. Temperate deciduous forest

Answer 15

PRIMARY SUCCESSION

Question 16

• Occurs on a previously OCCUPIED site following a disturbance
• Relatively FASTER than primary succession

Answer 16

SECONDARY SUCCESSION

Question 17

Succession begins…

1. FIRST COMMUNITY comprised of ____ ____

Answer 17

PIONEER SPECIES

Question 18

Succession begins…

2. Other species join COLONIZERS suited for ______ ______

Answer 18

MODIFIED HABITAT

Question 19

Succession begins…

3. Gradual DOMINATION by _________ sp.

Answer 19

K-SELECTED

Question 20

species that come AFTER the HABITAT has been modified to suit their needs

Answer 20

LATE SUCCESSIONAL SPECIES

Question 21

Climax community = _______

Answer 21

STABILITY

Question 22

Steady state ; Little or no change in species composition and abundance over long periods

Answer 22

CLIMAX COMMUNITY

Question 23

Occurs on a previously occupied site FOLLOWING a DISTURBANCE

Answer 23

TERESTRIAL SUCCESSION