SCIENCE m6

Question 1

basic unit of inheritance, carrying information via DNA

Answer 1

GENE

Question 2

Genes may have ______ (alternative forms).

Answer 2

ALLELE

Question 3

Trait expression depends on ALLELIC COMBINATION:

Answer 3

FF = HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT
Ff = HETEROZYGOUS DOMINANT
ff = HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE

Question 4

Combination of alleles (e.g., FF, Ff, ff)

Answer 4

GENOTYPE

Question 5

Trait expressed (e.g., free or attached earlobes)

Answer 5

PHENOTYPE

Question 6

IN BALDNESS there is difference in expression due to ________ _______

Answer 6

TESTOSTERONE LEVELS

Question 7

MALE:
BB / Bb = bald
bb = normal hair

FEMALES:
BB = bald
Bb / bb = normal hair

Answer 7

SEX-INFLUENCED TRAIT

Question 8

Over generations, changes in allele frequencies → ________ ________

Answer 8

POPULATION DIVERSIFICATION

Question 9

An IDEALIZED POPULATION where allelic frequencies do not change

Answer 9

HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM

Question 10

HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM ASSUMPTIONS:

Answer 10

1. NO SELECTION
2. NO MUTATION
3. NO MIGRATION
4. LARGE POPULATION
5. RANDOM MATING

Question 11

Gene frequency affects _____ _______

Answer 11

genotypic frequency

Question 12

Factors Disrupting Equilibrium

Answer 12

MIGRATION / GENE FLOW
MUTATION
GENETIC DRIFT
NATURAL SELECTION

Question 13

• Immigrants introduce new alleles
• Emigrants remove alleles

Answer 13

MIGRATION / GENE FLOW

Question 14

• Introduces new alleles if fertile and viable

Answer 14

MUTATION

Question 15

• Random elimination of alleles
• founder effect & bottleneck effect

Answer 15

GENETIC DRIFT

Question 16

• Environment favors traits with higher FITNESS VALUE
• speciation and adaptation
• Evolution occurs at the POPULATION LEVEL

Answer 16

NATURAL SELECTION

Question 17

Increases frequency of advantageous alleles

Answer 17

ADAPTATION

Question 18

Over time: changes in gene frequency

Answer 18

SPECIATION

Question 19

small group starts a new population

Answer 19

FOUNDER EFFECT

Question 20

drastic population reduction (e.g., catastrophe)

Answer 20

BOTTLENECK EFFECT

Question 21

basic units of evolution.

Answer 21

POPULATIONS

Question 22

change in gene frequencies over time

Answer 22

EVOLUTION

Question 23

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF EVOLUTION

Answer 23

MUTATION & MIGRATION
SEXUAL REPRDUCTION
ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES

Question 24

reshuffles alleles

Answer 24

SEXUAL REPRDUCTION

Question 25

alter gene pools

Answer 25

MUTATION & MIGRATION

Question 26

determine reproductive success and fitness

Answer 26

ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES

Question 27

OVERPRODUCTION of offspring leads to ____ for survival

Answer 27

COMPETITION

Question 28

Individuals with BENEFICIAL _______ are more likely to survive to pass on their genes

Answer 28

ADAPTATIONS

Question 29

There is GENETIC _______ within a population which can be inherited

Answer 29

VARIATION

Question 30

Over many generations, there is a change in. allele frequency (evolution)

Answer 30

SELECTION

Question 31

Variation → _____ ____ → evolution

Answer 31

DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTION

Question 32

EARLOBES: HANG BELOW THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT TO THE HEAD

Answer 32

FREE & DOMINANT

Question 33

EARLOBES: ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO THE SIDE OF THE HEAD

Answer 33

ATTACHED