TERRESTRIAL BIOMES Flashcards
(21 cards)
Major types of communities and ecosystems located in broad geographic regions
BIOMES
BIOMES are also called as _____ ____
LIFE ZONES
TYPE OF BIOMES
TERRESTRIAL
AQUATIC
Climate and Distribution of Terrestrial Biomes: Major components of climate
Temperature
Water
Light
Wind
Terrestrial biomes include:
Forest
Grassland
Chaparral
Desert
- BOREAL FOREST dominated by CONIFEROUS TREES like pines
- SEVERE WINTER and hot summer
- most PRECIPITATION fall during SUMMER
- low evaporation, marshes, swamps and bogs are common
TAIGA
- HIGH PRECIPITATION
- high VARIATION in TEMPERATURE
- trees seasonally shed off the leaves in response to low temperature
- NUTRIENT RICH SOIL
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
- HIGH SPECES VARIETY
- rainfall 200-450 cm/yr
- temperature 25-32 C (daytime)
- HIGH relative HUMIDITY (80%)
- forest relatively ancient; continuous development, not affected by glaciation
- SOIL is nutrient POOR; storage of NUTRIENTS in the large biomass of TREES, not in the soil
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
TYPES OF PHILIPPINE TROPICAL RAINFOREST
MOSSY
MONTANE
LOWLAND
- world’s richest
- About 98 mammal species are ENDEMIC
- There are about 170,000 faunal species, most of which are insects and mostly are unidentified
- Internationally ranked 8TH in terms of highest diversity and endemism (especially of insect, mammal, bird, reptile and plant species)
philippine tropical rainforest
Floral Diversity
______ species, ______ endemic
8000 ; 3500
Floral Diversity.
_______ alone has 1500 flowering plant species
PALAWAN
Floral Diversity.
______ plant species and ______ animal species are found in the Philippine forests
1200 ; 960
ATLEAST 3 USES OF Forest
- Provide construction materials
- Provide food, medicine, and other useful things
3.Provide shelter for birds and animals - Act as windbreaks to weaken the winds
- Minimize or reduce erosion and floods
- Use of recreation
- Protect or hide soldiers from the enemy
- Beautify parks and landscapes
- Invigorate or improve the climate
10.Major source of fresh water system
- LOW AVERAGE PRECIPITATION
- varying average temperatures; seasonal drought
- dominated by grasses, herbivores
- occasional fires
Generally occurring in the INTERIOR of CONTINENTS ; are usually dominated by two or three species of grasses or sedges.
GRASSLANDS
_______ form the ECOLOGICAL ZONE lying between the DESERTS and TEMPERATE WOODLANDS.
GRASSLANDS
- NORTHERN LIMIT of vegetation; encircles the north pole
- PERMAFROST throughout the year (little precipitation falls as snow)
- TREELESS vegetation (mosses, lichens, dwarf shrubs)
POLAR / ARCTIC TUNDRA
- Large areas DOMINATED by GRASS species with deep MINERAL-RICH soil
- Moderate but UNCERTAIN PRECIPITATION
- Found at INTERFACE between temperate woodland and desert
Pampas, prairies, veldts, steppes
TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS
- Grassland in the TROPICS
- Large tracks of grasses and SCATTERED trees, usually deciduous
- Moderate but uncertain distribution of rainfall
- Higher variations in temperature due to SEASONAL DROUGHT
- WIND-POLLINATED grasses
- Small BROADLEAF deciduous plants (forbs) pollinated by insects
- OCCASIONAL DECIDEUOUS trees (flat top acacias)
- HERBIVOROUS grazing (grass and herb-eating) and browsing (twig and leaf-nibbling) hoofed animals
TROPICAL GRASSLANDS (e.g. SAVANNA)
- Temperate SHRUBLAND
- Occurs along COASTAL ARAS (Mediterranean climate)
- Winters are MILD and slightly wet
- Summers are long, HOT and dry
- Dense growth of DROUGHT-RESISTANT spiny evergreen shrubs
- Leathery leaves that resist water loss
- Small drought resistant trees (scrub oak and pines)
- During SUMMER, VEGETATION is DORMAT, very dry and brittle
- Adapted to and maintained by PERIODIC FIRES
CHAPARRAL
- Lies in TEMPERTE and TROPICAL zone
- Low precipitation but HIGH EVAPORATION due to high temperature
- Organisms have special WATER CONSERVING adaptation
- Short growth period
- Annual plants dominant
DESERT
