AQUATIC BIOMES Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
CATEGORIES OF FRESHWATER
A
LENTIC
LOTIC
2
Q
1% OF EARTH’S SURFACE
A
FRESHWATER
3
Q
standing bodies of water (Lakes and Ponds)
A
LENTIC
4
Q
sufficient light for photosynthesis
A
PHOTIC ZONE
5
Q
little light penetrates
A
APHOTIC ZONE
6
Q
Types of Lentic Freshwater
A
LITTORAL
LIMNETIC
PROFUNDAL
7
Q
photic zone NEAR the SHORE; shallow, well-lighted, warm water;
A
LITTORAL
8
Q
photic zone DISTANT from the SHORE; well-lighted, open surface waters farther from shore;
A
LIMNETIC
9
Q
Deep, aphotic zone in the MIDDLE of the LAKE or POND;
A
PROFUNDAL
10
Q
LENTIC.
microbes and other organisms use oxygen for cellular respiration as they decompose the detritus (dead organic material)
A
PROFUNDAL
11
Q
LENTIC.
variety of PHYTOPLANKTON (algae and cyanobacteria); zooplanktons
A
LIMNETIC
12
Q
LENTIC.
ROOTED and FLOATING aquatic PLANTS flourish
A
LITTORAL
13
Q
TYPES OF PROFUNDAL
A
OLIGOTROPHIC
EUTROPHIC
14
Q
nutrient-poor
A
OLIGOTROPHIC
15
Q
nuitrient-rich
A
EUTROPHIC
16
Q
FLOWING bodies of water (Rivers and Streams)
A
LOTIC
17
Q
TYPES OF LOTIC FRESHWATER
A
RAPIDS
RIFFLES
RUNS
POOLS
18
Q
very turbulent water
A
RAPIDS
19
Q
high flow velocity
A
RIFFLES
20
Q
medium velocity
A
RUNS
21
Q
deep water flows slowly
A
POOLS
22
Q
PARTS OF LOTIC WATER
A
HEAD
MOUTH
WATERSHED
23
Q
elevated area where a RIVER BEGINS
A
HEAD
24
Q
lowest point which EMPTIES into a bay, lake or sea
A
MOUTH
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whole area DRAINED by a RIVER system
WATERSHED
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_______ by attached algae and rooted plants supports the FOOD CHAIN
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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Adaptations that enable algae and rooted plants to resist being carried away by the flowing water:
- FLATTENED, means of ATTACHMENT
- INSECTS live on the UNDERSIDE of the rocks or on their downstream side
- Other species are restricted to quiet pools where the FLOW of water is SLOWER
28
cover 71% of Earth’s surface; regulate climate
MARINE
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MARINE are Biomes found in the ______
OCEANS
30
PARTS OF MARINE WATER
INTERTIDAL ZONE
NERITIC ZONE
OCEANIC ZONE
PELAGIC ZONE
BENTHIC ZONE
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shallow zone where land meets water
INTERTIDAL ZONE
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shallow regions over the continental shelves
NERITIC ZONE
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past the continental shelf
OCEANIC ZONE
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open water of any depth
PELAGIC ZONE
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seafloor bottom
BENTHIC ZONE
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TYPES OF MARINE WATER
COASTAL WETLANDS
INTERTIDAL ZONE
CORAL REEFS
OPEN SEA
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TYPES OF COASTAL WETLANDS
ESTUARIES
MANGROVES
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- Area where RIVER MERGES WITH OCEAN
- BREEDING GROUND
- Salinity varies from nearly that of fresh water to that of the ocean
- Nutrients from rivers enrich waters
- Major producers are SALTMARSH GRASSES, algae, phytoplankton
- Variety of worms, oysters, crabs, and fish
ESTUARIES
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- COASTAL TREES AND SHRUBS adapted to estaurine or even saline environments
MANGROVES
40
refers to individual plants
MANGROVE
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refers to the whole community or association dominated by these plants
MANGAL
42
UNIQUE ADAPTIVE FEATURES OF MANGROVES:
- Pneumatophores
- Buttresses
- Tough and succulent leaves with INTERNAL WATER STORAGE tissue
- SALT-EXCRETING ORGANS or GLANDS
- Viviparous plants
43
vertical root extensions for absorption of oxygen
PNEUMATOPHORES
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(prop/stilt roots) from trunks or branches
BUTTRESSES
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seed germinates while still on the parent plant
VIVAPAROUS PLANTS
46
ATLEAST 3 Importance of Mangroves
1. NURSERY GROUNDS
2. support FISHERIES PRODUCTION in coastal waters
3. PROTECTS the coastal areas from storm surges,
tidal currents and typhoons
4. REDUCE ORGANIC POLLUTION in near shore areas
by trapping or absorption
5. serve as RECREATIONAL GROUND for bird watching
and observation of other wildlife
6. serve as good SOURCE of housing materials,
fishing poles, firewood and charcoal, tannin,
alcohol and medicine
47
Flowering grass-like plants which are adapted to saline habitats
Found from INTERTIDAL REGION to about 30M DEPTH
SAEA GRASS BEDS
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ATLEAST 3 FUNCTIONS OF SEAGRASS BEDS
1. Primary PRODUCERS
2. STABILIZE and hold BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
3. SLOW down water CURRENTS and waves
4. SHELTER and REFUGE of resident and transient adult and juvenile animals
5. FOOD for grazers, epiphytes and detritus-feeders (sea urchins, fish, turtles, sea cows)
48
- Where LAND MEETS the SEA, alternately submerged and exposed by the tides
- Huge daily variations in the availability of seawater, nutrients and temperature
- Structural adaptations for attachment and to avoid drying
INTERTIDAL ZONE
49
Submerged only during highest tides
UPPERMOST ZONE
50
Submerged at high tides and exposed at low tides; inhabited by a diverse array of organisms
MIDDLE ZONE
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exposed only during the lowest tides
BOTTOM OF THE INTERTIDAL ZONE
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- found in shallow coastal zones of warm tropical and subtropical oceans
- among the world’s oldest and most diverse and productive systems
- home for 25% of all marine species
CORAL REEFS
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CORALS.
Mutualistic with ______ (dinoflagellates) that live within the POLYP
ZOOXANTHELLAE
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CORALS.
Diverse group of _______ that secrete a CALCIUM CARBONATE EXOSKELETON
CNIDARIANS
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CORALS.
_______ vary in shape, forming a substrate upon which other corals and algae grow
SKELETONS
55
Responsible for building majority of LIMESTONE ISLANDS, ATOLLS, and BEACHES
CORALS
56
sharp increase in water depth at the edge of the continental shelf SEPARATES the OPEN sea from the COASTAL zone
OPEN SEA
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OPEN SEA
contains only _____% of known marine species
10%
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3 VERTICAL ZONES based on light penetration:
1. EUPHOTIC (EPIPELAGIC)
2. BATHYAL (MESOPELAGIC)
3. ABYSSAL (DEEP PELAGIC)
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- 90% of ocean surface
- lighted upper zone
- photosynthesis
- only 10% of fish produced
1. EUPHOTIC (EPIPELAGIC)
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- Dimly lit; no photosynthesis
- dependent on nutrients and oxygen from surface water (20% trickles down)
- Small sized animals
large mouths, with extensible jaws and long sharp teeth
- Generalists
2. BATHYAL (MESOPELAGIC)
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- no light; cold temp, high pressure
- very little dissolved oxygen
- high levels of nutrients
- eyes small or absent
- bioluminescence
only 5% of food - trickles to this layer
- sluggish or sedentary
- large mouths and stomachs
3. ABYSSAL (DEEP PELAGIC)
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Major Types of Organisms:
PLANKTON
NEKTON
BENTHOS
DECOMPOSERS
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weakly swimming, free-floating
PLANKTON
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TWO TYPES OF PLANKTON
PHYTOPLANKTON
ZOOPLANKTON
65
free-floating, microscopic, photosynthetic
PHYTOPLANKTON
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non-photosynthetic primary consumers
ZOOPLANKTON
67
strongly swimming
NEKTON
68
bottom-dwelling
BENTHOS
