Ecosystems

Question 1

how does energy flow in a food web

Answer 1

10% of energy gets moved on to the next trophic level.\

Autotrophs have the most energy

there are only usually 4-5 levels bc energy is not usually available to higher you go

Question 2

def. of Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 2

The balance between different parts of the ecosystem

Question 3

5 natural disasters in an ecosystem

Answer 3

tornadoes
wildfires
disease
drought
volcanic eruptions

Question 4

Eutrophication def.

Answer 4

a body of water becoming nutrient-rich

Question 5

ecological succession

Answer 5

the process of one ecological community gradually changing into another

Question 6

species

Answer 6

a group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring

Question 7

pioneer species

Answer 7

the first species that colonizes new or undisturbed land

Question 8

secondary sucession

Answer 8

orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed.

Question 9

climax community

Answer 9

a stable community that no longer goes through major ecological changes

Question 10

primary succession

Answer 10

establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present.

Question 11

population

Answer 11

all the organisms of the space species that live in the same area at the same time.

Question 12

pioneer species for primary sucession

Answer 12

lichens and mosses

Question 13

Pioneer stages of primary succession

Answer 13

1st- lichens

2nd- mosses and ferns

3rd- herbs and weeds

Question 14

intermediate stages of primary succession

Answer 14

4th- grasses

5th- shrubs

6th- shade intolerant trees

Question 15

climax community of primary succession

Answer 15

8th- shade tolerant trees

Question 16

Pioneer stages of secondary succession

Answer 16

1st- annual plants

2nd- grasses and herbs

Question 16

Intermediate stages of secondary succession

Answer 16

3rd- shrubs

4th- pines

5th- young oak/hickory

6th- pines die, oak/hickory mature

Question 17

Climax community of secondary succession

Answer 17

7th- mature oak/hickory forest

Question 18

natural events that cause secondary succession

Answer 18

wildfires
floods
resource extraction

Question 19

Aquatic succession

Answer 19

sediment carried by rainwater and streams build up in bottoms of water.

Eventually, water disappears and the area turns into land.

Question 20

Effects on Aquatic Succession on Ecosystems

Answer 20

too much sediment can damage habitats, clog waters and cause flooding. this leads to

• habitat loss
• change in available nutrients
  -decrease in light available for plant

Question 21

def. of biodiversity

Answer 21

the number and variety of organisms found in a specific region

Question 22

def. of species biodiversity

Answer 22

the number and quantity of each species in an ecological communtiy

Question 23

biodiversity index

Answer 23

a measure of species diversity in a given location

Question 24

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 24

the variety of ecosystems in the biosphere

Question 25

sustainable ecosystem

Answer 25

an ecosystem that can remain diverse and productive over time without outside influence or assistance.

Question 26

resilience

Answer 26

the ability of an ecosystem to maintain balance even in the face of significant disturbances.

Question 27

genetic diversity

Answer 27

the variety of genes or inherited traits that are present in a population

Question 28

How to calculate biodiversity index

Answer 28

Biodiversity index = number of different species in an area ----------------------------------------- total # of individualas in the same area

Question 29

be able to tell about ecosystem health, stability and sustainability

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

how long does primary succession take

Answer 30

hundreds or thousands of years

Question 31

how long does secondary succession take

Answer 31

about 75 years

Question 32

what disturbances causes primary succession

Answer 32

glacier retreat/crawl volcanic eruption

Question 33

How do negative human activities impact ecosystems

Answer 33

creates imbalance in food webs and give negative effects to sustainability

Question 34

Importance of biodiversity and how it impacts the sustainability of ecosystems?

Answer 34

Ecosystems with high biodiversity are more stable and resilient to disturbances. With more species present, energy flow is still maintained even if something happened to a species. Without biodiversity, ecosystems become less productive and more vulnerable to collapse leading to a less sustainable ecosystem.