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Endocrine and Nervous system review Flashcards

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1
Q

main function of nervous system

A

Gather and interpret information and respond to that information.

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2
Q

additional functions of nervous system

A

-Keeps your organs working properly and allows you to speak, smell, taste, hear, see, move, think, and experience emotions.

-To control the entire body.

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3
Q

what is the Central Nervous System

A

A collection of organs

  • processes all incoming and outgoing messages from the nerves.
  • It interprets all the messages from the sensory neurons and sends impulses on the motor neurons for a response.
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4
Q

what organs are in the Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what is the peripheral Nervous System

A

A collection of communication pathways

primary function
-is to transfer information from all areas of the body and the outside environment to the central nervous system

-and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

It allows you to sense your surroundings and make movements to those senses.

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6
Q

What organs are in the PNS

A

body nerves

sensory and motor neurons

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7
Q

Cerebrum def.

A

The part of the brain that detects touch, sight, sound, odor, taste, pain, heat, and cold
and controls all voluntary acts, including thought. feelings and emotions.

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8
Q

Cerebellum def.

A

The part of the brain that keeps track of the body’s position. (balance)

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9
Q

Medulla def.

A

The part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord and controls many
involuntary processes in the body. (breathing, heart rate, blood pressure)

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10
Q

what is the Medulla also known as

A

brain stem

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11
Q

What level of organization is a neuron?

A

cell

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12
Q

label brain

A

yes

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13
Q

Neuron def.

A

: A specialized nerve cell that transfers messages throughout the body in the form of fast-moving electrical energy.

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14
Q

Impulse def.

A

An electrical message that passes along a neuron.

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15
Q

Cell Body def.

A

The enlarged region that contains a nucleus and cell organelles.

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16
Q

What is the cell body of a neuron also called

A

Soma

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17
Q

Dendrite def.

A

Short, branched extensions of a neuron where the neuron receives impulses from other cells.

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18
Q

Axon def.

A

The long cell fiber of a neuron that transfers intercellular messages.

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19
Q

Label neuron

A

yes

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20
Q

If you were playing soccer, explain what has to happen in order for you to be able to kick the ball.
(5 steps)

A
  1. Your eyes sense the stimulus of the ball coming near your foot.
  2. You send an impulse on a sensory neuron to your brain.

3.Your brain interprets what is happening.

  1. A response impulse is sent on a motor neuron to your leg. (your spinal cord does NOT intercept because there is no pain)
  2. You kick the soccer ball.
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21
Q

reflex def.

A

A quick, involuntary response to a stimulus. The spinal cord will intercept any messages of
pain and respond before the message can reach the brain - increasing the speed of the response.

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22
Q

How is your nervous system extremely fast

A

: Your nervous system works with electrical impulses, it is able to move VERY quickly around your body. It is a very fast delivery system.

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23
Q

why does your nervous system have to be extremely fast

A

If you had to think about responding, you might get seriously hurt before you could respond.

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24
Q

main function of endocrine system

A

A collection of ductless glands that regulate body-fluid balance,
growth,
and sexual development through the use of hormones.

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25
additional function of endocrine system
Produce chemical messengers (hormones) that control the body’s slower, long term processes.
26
gland def.
An organ that makes chemical messengers for the body (hormones).
27
hormones def.
Chemical messengers made in a gland that carries information from one part of the body to another (target cells).
28
what is the Hypothalamus
Located in the brain - -it links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (the master gland). Since the -CONTROLS all parts of the body it must be able to communicate with the endocrine system that regulates certain body functions.
29
are hormones transported through vessels
no
30
how are hormones moved throughout the body
Hormones hitchhike a ride in the blood of the cardiovascular system. Since they don't’ have their own delivery system, it can only go as fast as blood can transport it around -making it much slower than the nervous system.
31
what type of messengers do the nervous system send
electrical messengers
32
how is the delivery of messages in the nervous system
extremely fast delivery system because the impulse gets sent around the body on neurons.
33
what responses does the nervous system control
It controls some very fast responses like reflexes, thoughts, and senses.
34
how much time do electrical messages take to send in the Nervous system
(this only takes a fraction of a second)
35
what type of messengers do the endocrine system send
chemical messengers
36
how is the delivery of messages in the endocrine system
much slower delivery system because the hormones must be carried around the body by the blood.
37
how much time do chemical messages take to send in the endocrine system
this only takes about a minute to circulate around the body
38
why does the endocrine system move so slow to move hormones
It regulates your slower, long-term processes, so it doesn't need to be as fast.
39
Adrenal Gland def.
Glands that help the body respond to stress and danger - like the Fight or Flight Response.
40
Ovaries def.
Organs in the female reproductive system that produces the eggs and hormones for reproduction and helps with female sexual development.
41
Pancreas def. in Endocrine system
Responsible for controlling insulin and regulating blood sugar levels.
42
Parathyroid Glands def.
Regulates calcium levels in the blood. (located behind the thyroid gland)
43
Pineal Gland def.
It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects your sleep / wake patterns and seasonal functions.
44
Pituitary Gland def.
A gland that secretes hormones that affect other glands and organs (the master gland - it communicates with the nervous system by the hypothalamus). -Stimulates skeletal growth - helps the thyroid function properly, - regulates the amount of water in the blood - stimulates the birth process in pregnant women.
45
testes def.
The organs in the male reproductive system that make sperm and testosterone that helps with male sexual development.
46
Thymus Gland def.
Produces hormones that regulate the immune system, which helps your body fight disease.
47
Thyroid Gland def.
Produces hormones that can increase the rate at which you use energy / metabolism.
48
label endocrine system diagram
yes
49
What are feedback controls
A system that turns endocrine glands on or off. (They work like a thermostat on an air conditioner. They send a message to an endocrine gland to start / stop sending in a particular hormone.)
50
Explain how the parathyroid gland controls the calcium levels in the blood (negative feedback).
1. If calcium levels decrease in the blood, the parathyroid gland will release a hormone to put more calcium in the blood from the bones where it is stored. 2. If calcium levels increase in the blood, the parathyroid gland will release less hormone so calcium will be taken out of the blood to be stored in the bones .
51
main function of the Nervous System
Gather and interpret information and respond to that information
52
additional functions of the nervous system
1. The nervous system keeps your organs working properly and allows you to speak, smell taste, hear see, move, think, and experience emotions 2. to control the entire body.
53
main function of Endocrine system
A collection of ductless glands that regulate body-fluid balance, growth, and sexual development through the use of hormones
54
additional function of the endocrine system
produces chemical messengers (hormones) that are made in one part of the body (gland) and affects another part of the body
55
what neurons gather information from your outside and inside environment and send it to the CNS?
Sensory Neurons
56
what neurons cause responses from information sent from the CNS
Motor Neurons
57
what organs are a part of the CNS
brain spinal cord
58
what organs are a part of the PNS
all body nerves
59
why is it so important that the spinal cord intercept messages of pain
if you had to think about responding, you might get seriously hurt before you could respond
60
Connects the Nervous to the Endocrine systems
Hypothalamus
61
Controls you involuntary actions that keep you alive (heart rate, breathing)
Medulla (brain stem)
62
an electrical message that travels on nerve cells
Impulse
63
Controls your voluntary actions, senses, feelings, thoughts, and emotions
Cerebrum
64
A nerve cell that is a pathway for electrical messages in the brain and body
neuron
65
Controls the body's position and balance
Cerebellum
66
Parathormone: Regulates calcium levels in the body.
Parathyroid Glands
67
Testosterone: Helps with male sexual development.
testes
68
Oxytocin & HGH: The body’s master gland and helps regulate growth. (and many other functions as well)
Pituitary Gland
69
Adrenalin (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine): Responds to stress and danger - like the fight / flight response.
Adrenal Gland
70
Thyroxine: Controls metabolism (energy usage) and helps regulate growth.
Thyroid Glands
71
Estrogen & Progesterone: Helps with female sexual development.
Ovaries
72
Thymosin: Helps with the regulation of white blood cells. (lymphatic system)
Thymus Gland
73
Insulin & Glucagon: Controls blood glucose (sugar) levels in the body.
Pancreas
74
Melatonin: Regulates the sleep / wake cycle.
Pineal Gland
75
what do both positive and negative feedback controls do
Both positive and negative feedback controls regulate when endocrine glands are turned on or off
76
What type of messengers does the Nervous System use?
electrical messengers
77
How do nervous messengers move around the body?
they move on neurons
78
are nervous messengers fast or slow and WHY?
fast- your body needs quick responses to keep you safe
79
What type of messengers does the Endocrine System use?
chemical messengers
80
How do these Endocrine messengers move around the body
they move in the blood
81
Are Endocrine messengers fast or slow and WHY?
slow- the hormones don't need to be sent fast
82
how does the skeletal system help the nervous system
by protecting the brain with the skull and the spinal cord with the vertebrae
83
how does the cardiovascular system help the endocrine system
by delivering the hormones it makes and delivering them to the cells of the body
84
how does the endocrine system help the reproductive system
by regulating sexual development in the body
85
Brain def.
The mass of nerve tissue that is the body’s central command organ.
86
CNS def.
A collection of organs that processes all incoming and outgoing messages from the nerves.
87
A collection of glands that produce hormones that control body-fluid balance, growth, and sexual development.
Endocrine system
88
A system that turns endocrine glands on or off.
Feedback Controls:
89
Involuntary def.
Processes the brain controls that happen automatically.
90
Gland def.
An organ that makes hormones.
91
Hormones def.
A chemical messenger made in one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body.
92
Motor neurons def.
A neuron that sends impulses from the brain and spinal cord to other systems.
93
neuron def.
A specialized cell that transfers messages throughout the body in the form of fast-moving electrical energy.

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