Unit 1-Cells Flashcards
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What are the 3 main points of cell theory?
- All cells come from other cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All organisms are made up of cells.
Who are the co-founders of cell theory?
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann.
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
- No nucleus.
- Simple and small.
- Single-celled.
- Example: Bacteria.
- What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
- Have a nucleus.
- More complex and can be multicellular.
- DNA in the nucleus.
- Examples: Plants and animals.
What structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
- Cell wall.
- Chloroplasts.
- Large vacuoles.
What structures are present in animal cells but not in plant cells?
- No cell wall.
- Small vacuoles.
- No chloroplasts.
- Irregular/round shape.
What is the role of ATP in the mitochondria?
A: ATP is the energy currency of the cell, created when mitochondria break down food.
What is the difference between the rough ER and smooth ER?
- Rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins.
- Smooth ER has no ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.
What is the function of the rough ER?
- It has ribosomes on its surface.
- Produces proteins and transports them.
What is the function of mitochondria?
- Break down food to release energy.
- Generate ATP (energy molecule).
- Powerhouse of the cell.
Q: What pigment is found in chloroplasts, and what is its function?
A: Chlorophyll, which captures sunlight for photosynthesis.
Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
A:
- Packages proteins.
- Prepares proteins for transport in and out of the cell.
Q: What is the role of the chloroplast in plant cells?
A: Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light into energy (glucose).
Q: What are the two main types of cells?
A:
1. Prokaryotic cells.
2. Eukaryotic cells.
Q: What is the function of the vacuole in plant and animal cells?
A:
- Storage of materials like water, nutrients, and waste.
- Larger in plant cells to maintain shape.
Q: What are ribosomes, and where can they be found?
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER.
Q: What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?
A: Lysosomes digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.
Q: What structure supports and protects plant cells?
Cell wall
Q: What is the function of the cell membrane in both plant and animal cells?
- Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Provides structure and protection.
Q: What is cytoplasm, and what does it do?
A: The gel-like substance inside the cell that holds organelles in place.
Q: What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it do?
- Provides structural support to the cell.
- Helps in cell movement and division.
Q: What is the function of the nucleus?
- Controls cell activities.
- Contains DNA, which holds genetic information.
Q: What is the difference in vacuole size between plant and animal cells?
- Plant cells have a large central vacuole.
- Animal cells have small, often multiple vacuoles.
Q:** What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus?
A: Produces ribosomes.
