Effects Of Smoking

Question 1

Tar

Answer 1

Irritants - these irritate the delicate lining of air passages which increases production of mucus and reduces SA available for gas exchange

Question 2

Carbon monoxide

Answer 2

Carbon monoxide irreversibly binds to haemoglobin

Impossible to form oxyhaemoglobin
Oxygen cannot be transported away from lungs

Question 3

Emphysema

Answer 3

Walls of alveoli become thin and weak
Coughing - bursts weakened alveoli and reduces lungs SA for absorption
Reduces elasticity of lung tissue

Question 4

Bronchitis

Answer 4

Excess mucus collecting in the bronchi and bronchioles as a result of the destruction of the cilia
Therefore irritants can freely enter the lungs

Question 5

Cancer

Answer 5

Smoking deposits tar in the lungs which increases risk of cancer where cells start to divide rapidly until it’s out of control
Tobacco also contains carcinogens- chemicals which lead to cancer

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

Cilia is coated in tar - paralysed
Therefore not able to remove mucus with trapped pathogens
Therefore increased rate of infection
(They usually prevent infection by providing a layer of mucus which traps pathogens and stops them entering the lungs)

Question 7

CHD

Answer 7

When there is a build up of fatty deposit (plaque)

Fatty deposits in the wall of artery - lumen becomes narrower - restricted blood flow through artery
Therefore muscle cells receive less blood - less O2 - less aerobic resp- more anaerobic resp- more lactic acid - poisons heart muscle cells - leads to heart attack

Question 8

Factors affecting risk of CHD

Answer 8

Smoking
Alcohol
Lack of exercise
Unhealthy diet