Flashcards in Electrolyte imbalances Deck (20):
1
Tx for honeycomb pattern on CT?
Diffuse interstitial pulm fibrosis
Azathioprine or cyclophosphamide
NAC can be used
2
What is psueodohyponatremia?
Hyperlipidemia in which serum Na looks low, but it isnt
3
Na+ change resulting from correction of hyperglycemia?
Na+ will go up 1.6 for every 100 glucose pulled off
4
Patient hyponatremic, what do you do next?
Check osmolarity
If high, check glucose
If normal, check lipids or for MM
If low, check urine sodium to see if spilling salts, or trying to save salts
5
Patient with hypovolemia, hypoosmolar, and UNa is less than 10 and euvolemic state?
Psychogenic polydipsia
6
Tx of hyponatremia?
Restrict free water
Loops
Hypertonic saline
VAsopressin antagonist (vaptans)
7
SIADH tx?
How you treat any hyponatremia
Hypertonic saline
Fluid restriction
Vasopressin antagoinists
Loop
8
Serum osmolarity calculation?
2*(Na+K)+Gluc/18+BUN/2.8
9
Hypernatremia rare with hyperaldosteronism, but remember it!
What is triad of hyperaldosteronism?
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Alkalosis (met)
10
Dx of Diabetes insipidus? Then how do you tell if from central or not?
Water deprivatin
Urine osmolarity should rise when holding back water
It stays low if DI is present
Give ADH (desmopressin)
If urine concentrates, its central
11
Tx of central DI?
desmo
12
Nephrogenic DI tx?
Second line tx of nephrogenic DI?
Salt restriciton
Increase water intake
Thiazide (gets rid of some sodium, slight volume depletion and kidney resorbs more)
indomethacin decreases renal flow so hold more water as second line
13
tx lithium induced nephrogenic DI?
Amiloride
Lithium blocks the channels that Lithium uses so can't affect it!!!
14
Causes of hyperkalemia?
Low insulin
Beta Blockers
Acidosis
Digoxin I GUESS
Cell lysis
15
Emergency treatment hyperkalemia
Especially first thing you do?
C BIG K Drop
IV Calcium gluconate or calcium chloride (stabilize cardiac membrane)
Insulin and glucose
Beta agonist (albuterol)
Sodium bicarb
dialysis
Kayexalate
Loop
16
Hypercalcemia tx?
Hydration
Calcitonin
Bisphosphonates
Glucocorticoids can decrease absorption
17
What is familial hypocalciuiric hypercalcemia?
How do you recognize it?
Family history
Low Ca++
Absence of osteopenia and absence of nephrolithiasis
18
Hypocalcemia can be caused by what?
hypoparathyroid
chronic renal failure
hyperphosphatemia
Vit D
Pancreatitis
HYPERPHOPHATEMIA
19
Albumin affect on Ca?
As albumin goes down, total calcium also goes down
0.8 per 1 g of albumin
20