Electrolytes

Question 1

What are the earliest signs of any electrolyte disorder?

Answer 1

Numbness + tingling (fingers, toes, lips) NECLEX will use paresthesia

Question 2

Paresthesia

Answer 2

numbness and tingling

Question 3

ALL 8 Electrolyte disturbances - what is the universal sign/symptom of imbalance?

Answer 3

muscle weakness (paresis)

Question 4

Paresis

Answer 4

muscle weakness

Question 5

Kalemia

Answer 5

Potassium in the blood

Question 6

MEMORISE s+s of kalemias

Answer 6

Kalemia is potassium in the blood - they do the same as the prefix, EXCEPT for HR and U)

Hyperkalemia - make everything go up except HR and UO

Hypokalemia makes everything go DOWN except HR and UO

IN A TIE, NEVER PICK MAGNESIUM. SX INVOLVES NERVE OR SKELETAL = CALCIUM. ANYTHING ELSE = POTASSIUM

1. NEVER push potassium IV (can stop heart and kill them)
2. Not more than 40 of k+ per litre of IV fluid
3. Give d5 and regular insulin to decrease k+
4. Sodium Polystyrene to get rid of potassium

Question 7

Hyperkalemia

Answer 7

Same as prexif, except HR and UO
Everything goes UP, HR and UO go down

Question 8

Hypokalemia

Answer 8

Kalemias do the same as the prefix, except for HR and UO
Everything goes down, HR and UO go UP

Question 9

MEMORISE! Calcemias

Answer 9

Calcium in the blood
Calcemias do the OPPOSITE of the prefix BP can go up or down, always pick it
Hypercalcemia = everything goes DOWN - BP goes up or down
Hypocalcemia - everything goes up BP goes up or down Chvosteks + Trousseaus sign

IN A TIE, NEVER PICK MAGNESIUM. SX INVOLVES NERVE OR SKELETAL = CALCIUM. ANYTHING ELSE = POTASSIUM

Question 10

Hypercalcemia

Answer 10

Calcemias do the OPPOSITE of the prefix BP goes up or down
Everything goes DOWN - BP goes up or down always pick it

Question 11

Hypocalcemia

Answer 11

Calcemias do the OPPOSITE of the prefix BP goes up or down
Everything goes UP BP goes up or down

2 signs of neurmuscular irritability Chvosteks + Trousseaus

IN A TIE, NEVER PICK MAGNESIUM. SX INVOLVES NERVE OR SKELETAL = CALCIUM. ANYTHING ELSE = POTASSIUM

Question 12

MEMORISE! Magnesemias

Answer 12

Magnesium in the blood
Magnesemias do the OPPOSITE of the prefix, and anything to BP

Hypermagnesemia - everything goes down BP goes up or down

Hypomagnesemia - everything goes up, BP goes up or down*

IN A TIE, NEVER PICK MAGNESIUM. SX INVOLVES NERVE OR SKELETAL = CALCIUM. ANYTHING ELSE = POTASSIUM

Question 13

Natremias

Answer 13

Hypernatremia - E = dehydration

Hyponatremia - O fluid overload

Question 14

4 potassium electrolyte treatments

Answer 14

1. NEVER push potassium IV (can stop heart and kill them)
2. Not more than 40 of k+ per litre of IV fluid
3. Give d5 and regular insulin to decrease k+
4. Sodium Polystyrene to get rid of potassium