Elizabethan England Flashcards
(87 cards)
What year was Elizabeth born
1533
Who was E brought up by
Governesses as Henry VIII had declared her illegitimate once he beheaded her mother Anne Boleyn, rarely saw her father
Which stepmother was E very close to
Katherine Howard so devastated when she was executed when she was 8
E’s education
Very intelligent, could speak 5 languages at age 16, highly educated, Henry enjoyed spending time with her as she got older
What made Elizabeth have protestant views
She became close to 6th wife Catherine Parr who influenced her protestant views
When was Elizabeth restored to heir of the throne
1544
What was Elizabeth’s relationship like with her brother Edward and how did he run the country
When he became King aged 9 he became arrogant, worsening their relationship. He was a very strict protestant who introduced prayer books and lots of political instability
What happened to the throne after Edward died
He refused to name either sister as heir, instead his cousin Lady Jane Grey became queen for 9 days before being overthrown by Mary
Why did Mary resent Elizabeth
Anne had displaced her mother (Catherine of Aragon) as queen. Also hater her youth, beauty and protestant faith
When did Mary become queen and what did she do
1553 aged 37, wanted to restore Catholicism and burned any protestant that challenged her (nearly 300)
What did Mary do to Elizabeth
She was suspicious of her rebelling and imprisoned her in tower of London for 2 months, eventually E persuaded her to release her and was placed under house arrest
When was Elizabeth crowned queen
15th January 1559
Who were the royal court
Group of people who lived in or near the palace of the monarch. Consisted of members of the nobility (key servants, advisers, friends)
What did the royal court do
They entertained and advised the queen, were a public display of wealth and power
The royal court and progresses
Every summer E would go on tours with her court visiting homes of the nobility to improve relationship with public, court used 400 wagons to carry E’s stuff in even her bed
Why were progresses important
Helped her financially as E didn’t have much money so staying with nobles meant she would be hosted, fed and given lavish gifts
Who made up the privy council
Tended to chose most powerful nobles as members to prevent rebellion inc. leading courtiers, advisers, nobles and senior government officials
What did the privy council do
They took responsibility for day to day running of the country, met at least 3 times a week to debate issues and advise E, they oversaw law and order
What was the head of the privy council called
Secretary of state
Who were the parliament and what did they do
Made up of house of lords and commons and granted taxation, passed laws and offered advice
How many times did Elizabeth call parliament during her reign
Only 10 times
What was a Lord Lieutenant
In charge of raising and training local militia and oversaw countries defenses. Were members of the nobility
Who were Justice of the Peace
Members of local gentry, were unpaid but very high status and popular job. Had to ensure all social and economic policies were carried ou
How did Elizabeth use patronage to ensure loyalty
She gave men important jobs e.g. male courtiers political roles and gave key politicians places at court, making them feel important.
Despite it being corrupt, it caused competition and rivalry, making them loyal
