Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History > Power and the people > Flashcards

Power and the people Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How was the medieval society structured

A

Built on feudal system meaning King ruled the country but granted land to nobles (barons) who provided services in return e.g. loyalty and maintaining law and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How did people expect King John to be

A

Strong and a good leader like his father however he was actually a poor leader of war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What caused the Magna Carta to be created

A

John caused unrest among barons by raising taxes to pay for wars, in return they presented a list of demands (m.c)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the main demands of the Magna Carta and how did John respond

A

Mainly about taxation and unfair unrest, he refused to accept demands and went to civil war and barons won

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the Magna Carta signed

A

1215

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How was the Magna Carta significant in the short term

A

Didn’t solve problem as he went back on his word however the fact that these issues were raised shows barons were thinking about their human rights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How was the Magna Carta significant in the long term

A

As more people became free, it applied to more people, it became a symbol of peoples power and was often referred back to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Relationship between Henry (successor of John) and Simon De Montfort

A

1232 Simon made promise of loyalty to Henry and faught wars on his behalf, Henry put him on trial several times for his actions but let him off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What led to Simon capturing the King and his son

A

Henry refused to sign the provisions of Oxford (requested by Simon) which would’ve let the barons have more power over decision making. As a result the Barons wanted a civil war against the King and Simon agreed, they captured the king

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did Simon De Montfort die

A

Simon was effectively in charge but many thought him too powerful and turned against him, to raise support he started the great council but barons angry as he didn’t ask their permission. Barons switched sides and Simon killed in battle of Evesham

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Significance of Simon De Montfort

A

His parliament was first to include commoners which encouraged Henry to do the same
Became a symbol of democratic principles that were more fully realised hundreds of years later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What caused the peasants revolt

A

Richard II introduced poll tax meaning everyone had to pay 1 shilling 4 pence for their house in tax and in 1381 villager is Kent and Essex attacked a tax collector after refusing to pay the tax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did the rebels do after attacking the tax collector

A

20,000 peasants rebelled and freed rebel priest John Ball from prison and asked Wat Tyler to be leader.
They burned records, attacked clerks and killed the archbishop of canterbury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happened when the rebels reached London

A

They continued burning things down
Tyler met with the King and demanded for all men to be free and equal but was killed by a supporter of the King
To prevent riot, the King agreed but went back on his word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the peasants revolt

A

1381

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Significance of the peasants revolt

A

First time commoners had rebelled against royal powers, scaring King and his nobles
Peasants were never taxed so heavily again and wage continued to rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What caused the Pilgrimage of Grace

A

Henry VIII angry with pope for refusing his divorce so set up on church of England and stopped paying the pope taxes, dissolved monasteries and sold monastery land to the gentry limiting church’s power and making Henry rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What did the people do in response to Henry VIII

A

1536 uprising in Lincolnshire led by Lawyer Robert Aske, called a pilgrimage as it was peaceful. they demanded England return to Catholicism, 8000 pilgrims captured towns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Henry do in response to the Pilgrimage

A

Sent Catholic Duke to negotiate, assuring them the King would listen and invited Aske to his house, rebels went home.
Jan 1537 northern uprising so as a warning 74 rebels hanged and Aske executed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace

A

No more religious rebellions took place during Henry’s reign and Henry now had full control of the country (absolute monarch)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was the Pilgrimage of Grace

A

1536

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Religious causes of the English civil war

A

Strong anti-Catholic mood in country after Henry
Many accused Charles of trying to unite Catholics and Protestants after new Catholic prayer book introduced
Also accused of favouring Catholics as he was married to one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Political causes of the English civil war

A

Charles believed in Divine right so didn’t call parliament for 11 years, was forced to call it in 1640 to raise taxes to fund wars against the Scots who opposed new prayer book

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Economical causes of the English civil war

A

MPs didn’t trust Charles as he’d raised taxes without parliament for long time so demanded parliament take control of the army. They drew up the Grand Remonstrance of complaints and demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What was ship money
A way for Charles to make money. He was entitled to impose ship money on coastal countries during time of war to help protect them and pay for the navy
26
What problems did ship money cause
Many refused to pay, causing unrest, those who refused were sent untried to prison e.g. John Hampden
27
What did parliament demand from Charles
Abolition of ship money, parliaments control of army and parliament being the only ones able to dissolve parliament, also grand remonstrance (204 clauses)
28
How did the civil war begin
Due to such opposition, Charles forced to leave London and set up battle standard in Nottingham. Civil war began in 1642
29
Who created the new model army and when
Oliver Cromwell in 1645, also known as 'Army of God'
30
What was the new model army
Fully professional army, many soldiers and strong religious views, though god was on their side This army made the decisive breakthrough in the war and captured the king
31
Charles' trial
MPs divided over how to treat Charles, army rejected 300 MPs leaving only a Rump who put the king on trial
32
Charles' execution
He was found guilty of high treason and executed on 30th January 1649
33
What did Charles' execution mean
Charles was the first King that's been abolished to not be replaced by a monarch, England declared a commonwealth from 1649-1660
34
What did Oliver Cromwell do straight after the execution
He ended Catholic rebellion in Ireland, imprisoned Levellers and marginalised Diggers. By 1650 Cromwell and army leaders in control of parliament and the country
35
What made Cromwell unpopular
He tried hard to establish stable rule but his strict puritan rule made him unpopular as he closed theatres, banned Christmas and stopped women wearing makeup
36
How was the monarchy restored
The 'Glorious revolution' in 1688 saw William of Orange (married to Charles' niece) become King as long as he ruled along side parliament
37
What was the American revolution
British government wouldn't agree to America's demand of 'no taxation without representation' so 12 American colonies met in Philadelphia and issued a declaration of independence from Britain in 1783
38
Significance of the American revolution
British empire grew and took over Australia, New Zealand and India, also industrial revolution First time colony had rejected rule by a European power and influenced French revolution
39
What were rotten boroughs
Areas that had very few people living there yet still had MPs whereas Birmingham had many people living there but no MP
40
What was wrong with the electoral system in the early 1800s
Corrupt and out of date, rotten boroughs, only people who owned property could vote and no secret ballot so people often intimidated or bribed
41
When was the Peterloo Massacre
1819
42
What happened in the Peterloo Massacre
After Nepoleonic wars, government ^ corn prices so meeting held in Manchester to hear Henry Hunt call for reformation of parliament Was peaceful but scared authorities so soldiers sent ans killed 11 people, injuring 400 Government then introduced Six Acts banning meetings of more than 50 people. asking for reform became treason
43
When was the reform act
1832
44
What was the reform act
Radicals felt if contributing to the economy then should be able to vote so Lord Grey introduced R.A but was blocked by house of Lords but became scared of revolution so passed the reform bill
45
What did the Reform act mean
Redistributed MPs (removed rotten boroughs) so industrial towns now represented, merchants and factory owners could vote but still had to own property to vote so working class unhappy
46
What did the Chartists demand
Votes for all men over 21, secret ballots, equal electoral districts, payments for MPs etc.
47
Were the Chartists successful
They presented their Great Petition to parliament in 1848 claiming they had 5 million signatures but many were forged. Was never agreed to by the government
48
What were the corn laws
Government introduced corn laws making bread expensive which helped the landowners but hurt the poor
49
Who were the anti-corn law league
They used pamphlets and meetings to protest. Were best organised protest group ever Bad harvests led to famine in 1845 allowing the p.m to convince parliament to repel corn laws in 1846
50
What did Robert Owen do to improve factory conditions
Introduced 8 hour day and opened schools for child workers
51
What did Titus Salt do to improve factory conditions
He built a whole town for his workers
52
What did Lord Shaftesbury do
He was an MP and spent his life campaigning for reform and was asked to lead factory reform in 1833 Passed factory act, mines act and became leader of ragged schools union which educated poorer children
53
How did workers help themselves in the 19th century
Friendly societies- every member contributed each week then drew out money if they hit hard times Trade societies- specialist craftsmen organised into these groups to control quality and maintain prices violence- some workers destroyed machines that took their jobs
54
What were the combination acts
Passed by government in 1800 preventing workers and employers combining Robert Owen tried to start a trade union combining workers and employers but it failed however worried the government
55
Who were the Tolpuddle Martyrs
1834, 6 farm workers in Tolpuddle tried to form trade union when employer cut their wages Arrested as made their members sign path which was illegal, all sentenced to 7 years in Australia 200,000 people attended a protest in London demanding their release Was granted and was a turning point
56
Master and Servants Act 1823
Said it was illegal to break contract with employer i.e. go on strike and this was used to weaken unions
57
When was education made compulsery
1870
58
When was the secret ballot introduced
1872
59
Match girl's strike
Annie Besant helped girls working in match factory who weren't being payed enough, poor working conditions (phossy jaw). She helped formulate list of demands and took 50 of them to parliament to demand fairer wage After 5 weeks most demands met, first time unskilled women had gone on strike and won
60
Formation of Labour party
Formed in 1893 as result of strikes. Before this workers tended to vote for liberal party but they weren't doing enough
61
General strike 1926
After the war, mines given back to owners, demand for coal fell and wages decreased, working hours increased so TUC called general strike which lasted 9 days, after union membership fell dramatically and strike failed. Sympathy strikes and picketing were banned in 1927
62
Union decline
1979 Margaret Thatcher became conservative p.m and introduced laws reducing union power. She banned flying pickets and fine unions for losses
63
Miner's strike 1984-85
1984 NCB announced they were closing 20 mines resulting in 20,000 jobs lost Arthur Scargill (leader of NUM) called for strike in the mines still open Strike lasted 1 year and cost £3 billion and many mining villages left permanently scarred
64
In the Victorian era, how were women viewed
``` Women belonged at home and working-class women expected to work and do everything at home Law favoured men who could file for divorce, own property and most could vote ```
65
Suffragists
Formed in 1897 (NUWSS) led by Millicent Fawcett Used peaceful methods; marches, meetings and petitions Gained support from many MPs but were always defeated and some thought progress too slow
66
Suffragettes
1903 Emmeline Pankhurst broke away from NUWSS and formed Suffragettes, took direct action; smashed windows, heckled at meetings, set fire to post boxes Belived in 'Deeds not words' Many thought they were too extreme and they lost some support
67
Women during the war
Suffragettes suspended campaign, encouraging women to help with the war effort War changed attitudes and 1918 women over 30 could vote
68
Why was the vote not given to women over 21
There would be too high women : men ratio as so many young men died during the war
69
Dagenham strike
1968 Women at ford factory went on strike as only paid 85% of what men are for same job Had no support from colleagues so persuaded local union for support and other factories joined in the strike, lasted 3 weeks and then earned 92% of men

History (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions