Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

First Aid Step 2 > Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine Flashcards

(286 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, EPS

A

Antipsychotics- neuroleptic malingnant syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Side effect of corticosteroids

A

Acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, easy bruising, myopathies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tx DTs

A

BDZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tx acetaminophen OD

A

N-acetylcystein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tx opiod overdose

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx BDZ OD

A

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tx NMS and hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx malignant HTN

A

Nitroprusside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx afib

A

Rate control, rhythm conversion, anticoagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tx SVT

A

Stable: rate control with carotid massage or other vagal stimulation
Unsuccessful: adenosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes drug induced SLE

A 
INH
Penicillamine
Hydralazine
Procainamide
Chlorpromazine
Methyldopa
Quinidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia with neuro Sx

A

B12 def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia w/o neuro Sx

A

Folate def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Burn pt with cherry red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 normal but carboxyhemoglobin elevated. Tx

A

CO poisoning- 100% O2 or hyperbaric O2 if poisoning severe or pt pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood in urethral meatus or high riding prostate or perineal ecchymosis or blood in scrotum or pelvic fx

A

Bladder rupture or urethral injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Test to r/o urethral injury

A

Retrograde cystourethrogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection

A

Widened mediastinum (>8 cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal dev to right, depression L main stem bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Radiographic indications for surgery of acute abdomen

A

Free air under diaphragm, extravasation of contrast, severe bowel distention, space occupying lesion on CT, mesenteric occlusion on angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common organism in burn related infection

A

Pseudomonas- look for fruity smell or blue green color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Method of calculating fluid replacement in burn pts

A

Parkland formula: 24 hr fluid = 4 x kg x % BSA

50% over first 8 hrs and rest over 16 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acceptable urine output in trauma pt

A

50 cc/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Acceptable urine output in stable pt

A

30 cc/hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs neurogenic shock

A

Hypotension and bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs of increased ICP (Cushing’s triad)

A

HTN
Bradycardia
abnormal respirations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dec CO, Dec PCWP, inc PVR
Hypovolemic shock
26
Dec CO, Inc PCWP, Inc PVR
Cardiogenic or obstructive shock
27
Inc CO, Dec PCWP, Dec PVR
Septic or anaphylactic shock
28
Tx septic shock
Fluids and broad spectrum abx Give fluid until CVP=8 Pressors- NE or DA Cultures before abc
29
Tx cardiogenic shock
Identify cause, pressors like dopamine if hypotensive or dobutamine if not hypotensive
30
Tx hypovolemic shock
Identify cause, isotonic (LR or NS) fluid and blood repletion in 3:1 ratio NO PRESSORS
31
Tx anaphylactic shock
Diphenhydramine or epi 1:1000 | Consider steroids
32
Supportive Tx ARDS
CPAP
33
Signs of air embolism
Pt with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies
34
Sign of cardiac tamponade
Distended neck veins Hypotension Diminished heart sound (Beck's triad) Pulsus paradoxus
35
Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins
Massive hemothorax
36
Absent breath sounds tracheal deviation, shock, distended neck veins, hyperresonance
Tension pneumothorax
37
Tx for blunt or penetrating ABD trauma in hemodynamically unstable pts
Immediate exploratory laparotomy
38
Inc ICP in alcoholics or elderly following head trauma. Can be acute or chronic, crescent shape in CT
Subdural
39
Head trauma with immediate loss of consciousness followed by lucid interval then rapid deterioration, Convex on CT
Epidural
40
ABCDE
``` Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure ```
41
4 reasons to intubate
GCS <8 Apnea Significantly depressed mental status Impending airway compromise- maxillofacial trauma, inhalation injury
42
Tx tension pneumothorax
Immediate needle decompression w/ thoracostomy tube
43
CXR tension pneumo
Hyperlucent on affected side, flattening and inferior displacement of diaphragm on that side, shift of mediastinum away
44
Amount of blood for massive hemothorax
>1500 cc
45
Replacement of fluids
``` 3:1 ratio of fluid to blood loss Use 16 gauge IV in both arms Isotonic-LR or NS Fluid bolus 1-2 L first, recheck vitals, continue repletion Consider PRBC if hypotension ```
46
Triad cardiac tamponade
JVD Hypotension Muffled heart sound
47
Tx cardiac tamponade
Immediate pericardiocentesis
48
FAST scan
Focused abdominal sonography for trauma
49
New murmur 2/2 chest trauma
Aortic dissection
50
Rapid deceleration injury can cause...
``` Coup contrecoup (bleeds where 2 impacts) Diffuse axonal injury ```
51
Punctate hemorrhage at gray white matter junction
Diffuse axonal injury
52
Lucid interval
Epidural hematoma
53
Crosses suture lines
Subdural
54
Does not cross suture lines
Epidural
55
Middle meningeal artery
Epudural
56
Dural bridging veins
Subdural
57
Most common cause aortic disruption
decel injury
58
CXR shows wide mediastinum, loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, deviated esophagus and trachea to R, depression L main stem bronchus
Aortic disruption
59
Gold standard for evaluation of aortic disruption
Aortography
60
Define flail chest
3+ adjacent ribs fx at 2 places
61
``` Fever Tachypnea Tachycardia Conjuctival hemorrhage UE petechiae Trauma ```
Fat emoblism
62
Kehr's sign
Referred shoulder pain due to diaphragmatic irritation (usu on left due to spleen rupture)
63
Possible causes of pulseless electrical activity
``` Hypovolemia Hypoxia Hydrogen ions - acidosis Hyper/Hypo K+ and others Hypothermia Tablets: Drug OD Tamponade: Cardiac Tension pneumo Thrombosis: coronary Thrombosis: PE ```
64
Peritoneal lavage
Saline infused by catheter into ABD and removed and examined- find blood or fecal matter
65
When to do exparatory lap
Penetrating abd trauma Intra-abd bleeding or visceral damage Retroperitoneal hematoms in upper abdomen
66
SVT
Unstable: synchronized electrical cardioversion Stable: control rate (Valsalva, carotid sinus massage, cold stimulus) Resistant to maneuvers: adenosine followed by other AV nodal blocking agents - CCB or Beta blockers
67
Afib/aflutter
Unstable: synchronized electrical cardioversion 120-200J Stable: control rate with diltiazem or Beta blockers and anticoagulate if >48 hrs duration Elective cardioversion if <48 hrs; otherwise must anticoagulate or do TEE NO NODAL BLOCKERS- WPW; procainamide is better
68
Bradycardia
Sx: atropine Ineffective: transcutaneous pacing, dopamine, epi
69
Abdominal pain that is sharp and focal with tenderness and guarding Pts do not want to move
Parietal/peritoneal
70
Abdominal pain that is dully, crampy, achy, midline or diffuse Pt unable to lie still
Visceral/organ
71
Abrupt, excruciating pain
``` Biliary colic- RUQ MI: substrnal Perforated ulcer: epigastric Ureteral colic: LQ Ruptured aneurysm: umbilical ```
72
Rapid onset of severe, constant pain
Acute pancreatitis: epigastric Mesenteric thrombosis, strangulated bowel- umbilical Ectopic pregnancy- deep LQ
73
Intermittent colicky pain crescendo with free intervals
Early pancreatitis-epigastric SBO-umbilical IBS-suprapubic and middle of LQ
74
Gradual steady pain
Acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, acute hepatitis: RUQ Appendicitis, acute salpignitis: RLQ Diverticulitis: LLQ
75
Positive beta hCG with shock
ruptured ectopic until prove otherwise
76
Abdominal pain + syncope or shock in older pt
AAA until proven otherwise
77
Cervical motion tenderness
Consider PID
78
Sudden onset of diffuse, severe abdominal pain w/ abdominal rigidity
Perforation
79
Acute onset of severe radiating colicky pain Obstipation (not pass stool or gas) Bilious emesis
Obstruction
80
Constant, ill-defined pain with gradual onset over 10-12 hrs
Inflammation
81
Associated Sx of anorexia, N/V, changes in bowel habits, hematochezia, melena suggest what etiology?
GI
82
Fever and cough suggest what etiology
Pneumonia
83
Hematuria, pyuria, CVA tenderness suggest what etiology?
GU
84
Assocaited with meals
``` Mesenteric ischemia-elderly or w/ CAD or PAD PUD Biliary disease Pancreatitis Bowel pathology ```
85
FH of abdominal pain
Familial Mediterranean fever | Acute intermittent porphyria
86
Hx AF or recent AAA repair, bloody stool,sudden onset abdominal pain out of proportion to physical findings
Ischemic colitis
87
Psoas sign
Passive extension of hip leads to RLQ pain
88
Obturator sign
Passive IR of flexed hip leads to RLQ pain
89
Rosving's sign
Deep palpation of LLQ leads to RLQ pain
90
Hamburger sign
Pt wants to eat- consider something other than appendicitis
91
Pt populations with atypical S/S during acute appendicitis
Children Elderly Pregnant Retrocecal appendices
92
Dx tests for appendicitis
CT with IV and PO contrast- highly sensitive for periappendiceal stranding or fluid US: enlarged noncompressible- kids and preggers
93
How to estimate BSA in burn patients | Adults vs kid
``` Rule of 9's Adult: Head and each arm = 9% Back and chest each: 18% Each leg = 18% Perineum =1% ``` ``` Kids: Head 18% Arm- 9% each legs-14% each trunk and back: 18% each ```
94
Second leading cause of death in kids
Burns
95
First degree burn
Epidermis only Painful, erythematous NO BLISTERS, Good cap refill
96
Second degree burn
Epi and partial dermis | Painful w/ blisters
97
Third degree
Epi and full dermis, potentially deeper | Painless, white, cleared
98
Major complications of burns
``` Shock Compartment syndrome Superinfection- Pseudomonas or Gram P cocci Stress ulcer-Curling Aspiration Dehydration Ileus Renal insufficiency- 2/2 rhabdomyolsysis Epithelial contractions ```
99
6 W of Postop fever
``` Wind: atelectasis, pneumonia Water: UTI Wounds: infection/abscess Walking: DVT Wonder drug Womb: endometritis ```
100
Fevers before postop day? usually not infectious | Exception?
Post day 3 | Clostridium or Beta hemolytic strep
101
Cause malignant hyperthermia
Halothane
102
CAuse NMS | S/S, labs
Neuroleptic agents | Mental status change, inc creatinine phosphokinase
103
What measure is not beneficial in CO poisoning?
O2 sat- measure carboxyHg as normally saturated = not reflect low arterial PO2 levels
104
Bees and wasps stings Complication Tx
Anaphylaxis | Tx: antihistamine, steroid, IM epi for anaphylaxis
105
Black widow bites Complication Tx
Mm pain and spasms, localized diaphoresis, ABD pain, inc ANS = ileus, CV collapse, hemolytic anemia, DIC, rhabdo Tx: antivenin, wound care, BDZ
106
Scorpions Complication Tx
``` CN dysfcn (severe), excessive motor activity, resp compromise, acute pancreatitis, myocardial toxicity Tx: Support w/ BDZ/phenobarb and analgesics, atropine for hypersalivation and resp distress, IV ab, Antivenin ```
107
Snakes bites Complications Tx
Progressive dyspnea, DIC 2/2 toxin Tx: Antivenom Elevate affected limb
108
Dogs and cats bites Complications Tx
Infection, rabies, tetanus= Staph, Pasteurella multocida possible infection Tx: amoxicillin, clavulanate; saline irrigation, debridement, tetanus and rabies prophy
109
Humans bites Tx
Amoxicillin clavulanate, saline irrigation, debridement
110
Rodents bite Tx
Local wound care- low risk infection | May carry rabies
111
Rabies What carries Prophy
BATS If animal showed signs rabies give 1 dose human rabies Ig and 4 doses rabies vaccine over 14 d; if vaccinated need 2 dose vaccine
112
Tetanus Tx
Previous dose /=3: - Clean, minor: vaccine only if last was >/= 10 yrs prior - All other: vaccine only if last >/= 10 yrs ago
113
Normal levels carboxyHg smoker vs non
Smoker <5%
114
Induction of P 450
``` Queen Barb Steals Phenphen and Refuses Greasy Carbs Quinidine Barbs St Johns Wort Phenytoin Rifampin Griseofulvin Carbamazepine ```
115
Inhibition P450
``` Cimetidine Ketoconazole INH Grapefruit Erythromycin Sulfonamides ```
116
Metabolism by _ 450
``` BDZ, barbs Amide anesthetics Metoprolo, Propranolol Nifedipine Phenytoin Quinidine Theophylline Warfarin ```
117
Increased risk dig toxicity
Quinidine Cimetidine Amiodarone CCB
118
Competition for albumin binding sites
Warfarin ASA Phenytoin
119
Blood dyscrasias
Ibuprofen Quinidine Methyldopa Chemotherapeutic agents
120
Hemolysis in G6PD def
``` Sulfonamides INH ASA Nitrofurantoin Primaquine Pyrimethamine Chloramphenicol ```
121
Gynecomastia
``` Some Excellent Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone Estrogens Digitalis Cimetidine chronic Alcohol use Ketoconazole ```
122
SJS
Anticonvulsants sulfonamides Penicllins
123
Photosensitiviy
Tetracycline AMiodarone Sulfonamides
124
Drug induced SLE
``` Procainamide Hydralazine INH Penicillamine Methyldopa Quinidine ```
125
Antidote acetaminophen | Sx OD
N-acetylcysteine | Sx: N, hepatic insufficiency
126
Antidote acid or alkali ingestion
Upper endoscopy for stricture
127
Antidote anticholinesterase | SX
Physostigmine | Sx: Dry mouth, urinary retention, QRS widening
128
Antidote arsenic, mercury, gold | Sx
Succimer Dimercaprol Sx: renal insuff, tremor, mental status changes
129
Antidote Beta blockers | Sx
Glucagon, calcium, insulin, dextrose | Sx: bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, pulmonary edema
130
Antidote Barbs (phenobarb)
Urine alkalinization Dialysis Activated charcoal Support
131
Antidote BDZ | Sx
Flumazenil- can precipitate withdrawal | Sx: Sedation, resp depression
132
Antidote Black widow bite
Calcium gluconate, methocarbamol
133
Antidote CO
100% O2/hyperbaric
134
Antidote Copper, arsenic, lead, gold
Penicillamine
135
Antidote cyanide
hydroxycobalamin Amyl nitrate Na nitrate Na thiosulfate
136
Antidote digitalis | Sx
Normalize K but avoid giving Ca or Mg or lido (for torsade) anti-digitalis Fab Sx: N/V, changes vision, arrhyhtmias
137
Antidote heparin
Protamine sulfate
138
Antidote INH | Sz
pyrodoxine (B6) | Sx: neuropathy, hepatoxicity
139
Antidote iron salt | Sx
Deferoxamine | Sx: nausea, constipation, hepatotoxicitiy
140
Antidote Lead | Sx
Succumer CaEDTA Dimercaprol Sx: peripheral neuropathy, anemia
141
Antidote methanol/ethylene glycol | Sx
EtOH Fomepizole Dialysis Ca gluconate for ethylene glycol Sx: HA, vision changes, dizziness- methanol Sx: ataxia, hallucinations, seizures, SWEET BREATH- ethylene glycol
142
Antidote methemoglobin
Methylene blu
143
Antidote Opiods | Sx
Naloxone | Sx: pinpoint pupils, resp depression
144
Antidote Salicylates | Sx
urine alkinization, dialysis, activated charcoal | Sx: N/V, tinnitus, hyperventilation, anion gap, metabolic acidosis
145
Antidote TCA | Sx
Na bicarb for QRS prolongation Diazepam or lorazepam for seizures Cardiac monitor for dysrhythmias Sx: Tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, QRS widening
146
Antidote Theophylline
Activated charcoal | Consider repeat doses
147
Antidote tPA, streptokinase
Aminocaproic acid
148
Antidote warfarin
Vit K | FFP
149
Side effect ACEI
``` COUGH Rash Proteinuria Angioedema Taste changes TERATOGEN ```
150
Side effect amantadine
``` Ataxia LIVEDO RETICULARIS (lace like purplish discoloration of skin 2/2 venule inflammation) ```
151
Side effect Amiodarone
Acute: AV block, hypotension, bradycardia, Chronic: pulm fibrosis, peripheral deposits leading to bluish discoloration, arrhythmias, hypo/hyperthyroidism, corneal deposits
152
Side effect Amphotericin
Fever/ rigors, nephrotoxic, bone marrow suppression, anemia
153
Side effect antipsychotics
SEdation, acute dystonic reaction, akathisia, parkisonism, tardice dyskinesia NMS
154
Side effect azoles
Inhibit P450
155
Side effect AZT
thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia
156
Side effect beta blockers
AStham exacerbation, masking hypoglycemia, importence, bradycardia, AV block, CHF
157
Side effect BDZ
sedation, dependence, respiratory depression
158
Side effect Bile acid resin
GI upset, malabsorption vit and minerals
159
Side effect Carbamazepine
Induction P450, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, liver toxicity
160
Side effect CCB
peripheral edema, constipation, cardiac depression
161
Side effect Chloramphenicol
GRAY BABY SYNDROME | aplastic anemia
162
Side effect Cisplatin
Nephrotoxic, acoustic nerve damage
163
Side effect clonidine
dry mouth | SEVRE REBOUND HA AND HTN
164
Side effect clozapine
Agranulocytosis
165
Side effect corticosteroids
mania, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, bone mineral loss, thin skin, easy bruising, myopathy, cataract
166
Side effect cyclophosphamide
HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS | myleosuppression
167
Side effect digoxin
YELLOW VISUAL CHANGES ARRHYTHMIAS GI
168
Side effect doxorubicin
CARDIOTOXIC-CMP
169
Side effect ethyl alcohol
Acidosi, renal dysfunction, CNS depression
170
Side effect fluoroquinolones
Cartilage damage in kids | Achilles tendon rupture adults
171
Side effect furosemide
Ototoxic Hypokalemia Nephritis Gout
172
Side effect gemfibroxzil
Myositis, reversible inc LFT
173
Side effect halothane
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA | hepatotoxic
174
Side effect HCTZ
HypoK, hypoNa, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia
175
Side effect statin
Myositis, reversible inc LFT
176
Side effect Hydralazinw
Drug induced SLE
177
Side effect hydroxychloroquine
Retinopathy
178
Side effect INH
Peripheral neuropathy (prevent pyridoxin/B6), hepatotoxic, inhibit P450, seizure in OD, hemolysis in G6PD def
179
Side effect MAOI
``` HYPERSENSITIVE TYRAMINE REACTION SEROTONIN SYNDROME (w/ meperidine) ```
180
Side effect Methanol
Blindnes, ion gap metabolic acidosis
181
Side effect Methotrexate
Hepatic fibrosis, penumonitis, anemia
182
Side effect Methyldopa
+ Coombs, drug induced SLE
183
Side effect metronidazole
Disulfuram reaction, vestibular dysfucntion, metallic taste
184
Side effect Niacin
FLUSHING
185
Side effect penicillamine
Drug induced SLE
186
Side effect penicillins/beta lactam
Hypersensitivity
187
Side effect Phenytoin
Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, arrhythmia, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, hirsutism, teratogen
188
Side effect prazosin
First dose hypotension
189
Side effect procainamide
drug induced SLE
190
Side effect propylthiouracil
Agranulocytosis | Aplastic anemia
191
Side effect quinidine
cinchomism (HA, tinnitus), thrombocytopenia, arrhythmia- TORSDAES
192
Side effect Reserpine
Depression
193
Side effect rifampin
induction P450 enzymes | ORANGE RED BODY SECRETIONS
194
Side effect salicylates
Fever, hyperventilation wit RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS AND METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, dehydration, hemorrhagic gastritis
195
Side effect SSRI
Anxiety, 5HT syndrome with MAOI SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
196
Side effect succinylcholine
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA | HyperK
197
Side effect TCA
Sedation, comia, antichol, seizures, arrhythmia | QRS PROLONGATION
198
Side effect Tetracycline
Tooth discoloration, photosensitivity, Fanconi's, GI
199
Side effect Trimethoprim
Megaloblastic anemia, leukpenia, granulocytopenia
200
Side effect Valproic acid
Teratogen- neural tube defect | Rare fatal hepatotoxicity
201
Side effect Vancomycin
Nephrotoxic, ototoxic | RED MAN SYNDROME- histamine release
202
Side effect Vinblastine
Severe myelosuppresion
203
Side effect Vincristine
Peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus
204
Tremor (6-12 hrs) Tachycardia, HTN, agitation, seizure (48hrs) Hallucinations
Alcohol withdrawal
205
Severe autonomic instability leading to tachycardia, HTN, delirium and possibly death within 2-7 d
DT
206
Tx Etoh withdrawal
BDZ Haloperidol hallucinations Thiamine, folate, multivitamin
207
Anxiety, seizures, delirium, tremor, tachycardia, HTN
barbs withdrawal
208
Tx barb withdrawal
BDZ
209
Rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor, insomnia
BDZ withdrawal
210
Tx BDZ withdrawal
BDZ taper
211
Depression, hyperphagia, hypersomnolence
Cocaine/amphetamine withdrawal
212
Tx cocaine or amphetamine withdrawal
Supportive | Avoid pure beta blockers which can lead to unopposed alpha activity = HTN
213
Anxiety, insomnia, flu like Sx, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, mydriasis
Opiod withdrawal
214
Tx opiod withdrawal
Antiemetics MM relaxers NSAID Clonidine, buprenorphine, or metadone if severe to mod Sx
215
Vit def: night blindness and dry skin, Bitot spots (debris on conjunctiva)
Vit A
216
Vit def: beriberi (polyneuritis, dilated CMP, high output CHF, edema), Wernicke Korsakoff
VIt B1 thiamine Wet beriberi: high output cardiac failure dry beriberi: peripheral neuropathy
217
Vit def: Angular stomatitis, chelitis, corneal vascularization, dermatitis
Vit B2 riboflavin
218
Vit def: Pellagra- diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
Vit B3 niacin
219
Vit def: Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insuff
Vit B5 pantothenate
220
Vit def: Convulsions, hyperirritability, microcytic anemia, seborrheic dermatitis, stomatitis, cheilosis; required w/ INH
Vit B6 pyridoxine
221
Vit def: Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia, neuro Sx (optic neuropathy, subacute combined degneration, paresthesias), glossitis
Vit B12 cobalmin
222
Vit def: Scurvy, poor wound healing, hyperkeratotic hair follicles, bone pain (2/2 periosteal hemorrhages)
Vit C
223
Vit def: Rickets in kids, osteomalacia in adults, hypocalcemic tetany
Vit D
224
IVit def: increased RBC fragility, anemia
Vit E
225
Neonatal hemorrhage, Inc PT and aPTT, Vit def: normal BT
VIt K
226
Vit def: Dermatitis, enteritis; can be caused by ingestion of raw eggs or antibiotic use
Biotin
227
Vit def: MOST COMMON VIT DEF, sprue, macrocytic megaloblastic anemia without neuro
Folate
228
Vit def: Weakness, mm cramps, exacerbation hypocalcemic tetany, CNS hyperirritability lead ing to tremors, choreoarthertoid movement
Magnesium
229
Vit def: Keshan disease -CMP
Selenium
230
"4th degree burn"
electrical burns - may injure bone, mm, other internal structures May have cardiac (vfib) or neuro Sx (seizure, loss of vision)
231
When inpatient for burns
2nd degree over >10% body 3rd degree >2% body 2nd or 3rd-face, gentile, hands, major flexion creases
232
When to intubate 3rd and 2nd degree burns
>25% BSA or face
233
Risk factors mortality in burns
>60 yrs >40% BSA Inhalation more factors - more risk = 0.3% (0 risk), 3% (1), 33%(2), 90%(3)
234
Salt water vs fresh water drowning
Fresh: hypotonic fluid absorbed into vasculature = DECREASED electrolyte conc and RBC lysis Salt: hypertonic fluid creates osmotic gradient draws fluid from pulm capillaries into alveoli and causes PULMONARY EDEMA and INCREASED electrolyte conc
235
Most common location aspirated items that pass beyond trachea
Right main stem bronchus = greater vertical orientation
236
Hypothermia Temperature? Risks EKG
<95/35 old, intoxication EKG: J waves (end of QRS complex), Vtach or Vfib
237
Brown recluse bite Complication Tx
Possible ulceration and necrosis = ileus, CV collapse, hemolytic anemia, DIC, rhabdo TX: wound care, dapsone to prevent tissue necrosis
238
When to not use charcoal
Metals | Alcohols
239
Antidote CCB | Sx
Glucagon, insulin, dextrose (like Beta blockers) | Sx: bradycardia, hypotension
240
Antidote cocaine | Sx
Support | Sx: tachycardia, agitation
241
Antidote isopropyl alcohol | Sx
Ethanol, fomepizole, dialysis | Sx: decreased consciousness, N, abd pain
242
Antidote sulfonylureas | Sx
Octreotide, dextrose | Sx: hypoglycemia
243
Antidote organophosphates | Sx
Atropine, pralidoxime, support Sx: DUMBBELSS Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal mm, lacrimation, sweating, salivation CAN ABSORB THROUGH SKIN- REMOVE CLOTHING
244
Cardiac arrest lasting longer than ? = brain death
10 minutes
245
Low retroperitoneal bleeding - tx
Angiography and emoblization if blunt | Lap if penetrating
246
12 Ps neuro exam
``` Paired ocular movement Papilledema Patellar and other reflexes Paralysis Paresthesias Pee (incontinence) Pressure (blood and intracranial) Psych (mental status) Ptosis Pulse rate Pupils Pyramidal signs ```
247
Sites of significant (1500 mL) blood loss not found on PE
``` Injury scene Pleural cavity- See with OCR Intra-Abd- CT or US Pelvic-CT Thighs- X-ray ```
248
Swan Ganz catheter | Where inserted, where sits, what measures
Inserted: left subclvian, right internal jugular Sits: RA and pulm A Measures: PCWP = LA P, may measure CO, mixed venous O2 sat, systemic vascular resistance
249
When to use whole blood
Severe blood loss- rarely used
250
When to use PRBCS
Low HCT 2/2 blood loss or anemia
251
When to use autologous blood? | What is it?
Elective surgery or chemo | Blood donated by pt, frozen until needed
252
When to use FFP?
Warfarin OD Clotting factor def DIC TTP
253
When to use cryoprecipitate? | What is it?
Smaller volume than FFP, preferable to FFP in cases where large transfusion V warranted -Clotting factor and vWF rich precipitate collected during thawing of FFP
254
When to use platelets
Thrombocytopenia not due to rapid platelet destruction
255
When to use clotting factors
Specfic deficience - hemophilia
256
Vasopressor anaphylactic shock
Epi
257
Vasopressor shcok (Renal sparing)
DA
258
Vasopressor CHG
Dobutamine
259
Anticholinergic crisis
``` Blind as a bat- eye mm not focus Hot as a hare Mad as a hatter Dry as a bone Red as a beet Dilated pupils and increased HR (Anti muscarinic and Anti nicotinic meds) ```
260
Causes disulfiram like reaction
Metronidazole | Cephalosporins
261
Aspiration pneumo cause alcoholics
Klebsiella
262
Alcoholic: how to not precipitate wernicke
Thiamine before glucose- b1 used in glc metabolism
263
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
264
Wernicke vs korsakoff
AWernicke: acute encephalopatyh - opthalmoplegia, nystagmus, ataxia, or confusion Korsakoff: chronic psychosis - anterograde amnesia, confabulation, irreversible
265
Area of brain affected by Korsakoff
Mamillary bodies and thalamic nuclei
266
Vit def causes wernicke and korsakoff
Thiamine/ B1
267
Mineral def: microcytic anemia, koilonychia (spoon shaped fingernails)
Iron
268
Mineral def: goiter, cretinism, hypothyroidism
Iodine
269
Mineral def: dental caries
Fluorine
270
Mineral def: Hypogeusia (dec taste), rash, slow wound healing
Zinc
271
Mineral def: menkes disease - Xlinked, kinky hair, mental retardation
Copper
272
Mineral def: CMP and mm pain
Selenium
273
Mineral def: impaired glc tolerance
Chromium
274
Vit toxicity: pseudotumor cerebri, bone thickening, teratogen
Vit A
275
Vit toxicity: hypercalcemia, N/V, renal toxicity
Vit D
276
Vit toxicity: Necrotizing enterocolitis in infants
Vit E
277
Vit toxicity: hemolysis -->kernicterus
Vit K
278
Vit toxicity: peripheral neuropathy
Vit b6
279
Mineral toxicity: hemochromatosis
Iron
280
Mineral toxicity: Myxedema
Iodine
281
Mineral toxicity: flurosis with mottling of teeth and bone exostoses
Fluorine
282
Mineral toxicity: Wilson
Copper
283
Mineral toxicity: Loss of hair and nails
Selenium
284
Mineral toxicity: miners ore causes "madness"
Manganese
285
Conditions associated with pernicious anemia | What is pernicious anemia
What: antiparietal cell Ab destroy ability to secrete IF DM I, vitiligo, hypothyroidism Removal of ileum, IBD
286
Tapeworm causes B12 def
Diphyllobothrium latum

First Aid Step 2 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions