Emotion, Stress, and Happiness Flashcards
(49 cards)
Emotion, Stress, and Happiness
> humans often driven by emotional responses
>internal private experience
Facial Expressions
Measuring Emotion
> initial reaction, even if try to suppress
Physiological Responses
Measuring Emotion
> heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension
Person’s Description
Measuring Emotion
> verbal rating
Behavior
Measuring Emotion
> observe and infer
ex. handwriting speed test
fast: happy, slow: sad
Ekman Experiment
> ex. Ekman tested four diff countries of people
asked to identify emotion based on facial pic
result: emotions are genetically driven/innate
criticisms: people learn facial expressions
Ekman and Friesen Experiment
> The Fore Tribe (hunters/gathers- no western media)
result: interpreted facial expressions same way
Ekman Kids Experiment
> described characteristics of facial movements for emotions
tested kids born blind (could not have learned facial expressions)
result: all kids move same way originally, can be changed with experience
Physiological Indicators of Emotion
> sympathetic nervous system activity
(heart rate, respiration rate, pupil dilation, etc.)
person can not control these
prepare for “fight” or “flight”
Cerebral Cortex
Role in Emotions
> inhibition of emotional responses
>removal: sham rage (agression at slightest move, not focused)
Hypothalamus
Role in Emotions
> stimulate: rage attack (focused)
>strong pleasure reactions (ex. press shock button repeatedly)
Brain
Role in Emotions
> no one part controls emotions
>conflicting interactions are possible
Gender Differences in Emotions Experiment
Facial Expressions/Physiological Reactions
> stereotype: women more emotional than men
pics seen by observers (+/-), judges describe what’s seen
results: facial expressions- using female observer more accurate than using male
physiological reaction- more change in male than female
Gender Differences in Emotions Experiment
Explanation
(Facial Expressions/Physiological Reactions)
> lifetime of socialization caused males/females to react differently
men inhibit facial expressions, express as physiological reactions
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
> stimulus (environ) - physical reaction (auto) - emotion
emotional reactions are adaptation to environ
ex. bear - raised heart beat - fear
ex. car accident - fear/relief - heart pounds
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
Problems
> physiology too slow (emotions before physical change)
spinal injured have little sense of physical reactions
diff emotional endpoints, even w/same physical changes
Physiological Similarities
> ex. arousal from roller coaster (excitement vs. fear)
same stimulus and physical response, diff emotions
Two Factor Theory
> physical arousal (engine) - person’s thoughts (steering)
>produce unique emotion, sequence does not matter
Schachter’s Cognitive Label Theory
Bridge Experiment
(Two Factor Theory)
> female asked males to create story
low bridge (stable): few romantic stories, 9% called back
high bridge (unstable): romantic stories, 39% called back)
result: bridge (arousal), female (cognition, attributed w/arousal)
Negative Emotion State
> short-term stress is not necessarily bad (motivates)
long-term chronic stress is bad
no stress is unrealistic
manage stress to deal with it
Denial
> faced w/uncomfortable fact, person rejects despite evidence
>short-term fix to stress management
Denial Examples
> ex. terminally ill kids/parents
measured parent’s 17OHCS (stress hormone in blood)
denial- low levels
acceptance- high levels
ex. combat helicopter pilots (fault if shot down)
chance- low levels
myself- high levels
Perceived Control Rat Experiment
G1: light - spin wheel - mild shock
light - don't spin wheel - large shock
G2: shock produced by and with G1
spinning wheel makes no diff
result: G1 less stress, G2 more stressLife Change and Stress
> change is stressful (both +/-)
more events = more stress
higher risk of sickness
stress is cumulative
