Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Psychological Disorders History

Answer 1

> no effective treatment until late 1800’s
ex. Trephination (holes in skull to release evil)
bone regrowth if were able to live
mental institutions weren’t effective (like prison)
Pinel unchained mentally ill

Question 2

Mental Illness

Answer 2

> deviation from statistical norms
deviation from social norms
behavior harmful to others (maladaptive)
personal distress
no single definition (social norms not universal)

Question 3

Medical Students Disease

Answer 3

> students convinced they have disorder studying

Question 4

Neurosis

Answer 4

> diminish quality of life, but can get by
lack insight to problem
same personality

Question 5

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 5

> no good reason for constant distress

>treatment usually very effective

Question 6

Phobias

Answer 6

> highly specific
debilitating
treatable through systematic desensitization

Question 7

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Answer 7

> reoccurring unwanted neg thoughts (drive ritualistic behavior)
obsessive vs. compulsions
ex. germs vs. hand washing
symmetry vs. fix objects

Question 8

Brain Imaging

Answer 8

> brain literally works faster than should in frontal lobe

Question 9

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Multiple Personality

Answer 9

> split in consciousness and memory (rare, from extreme abuse)
consciousness split into separate identities
only one personality remembers abuse
can be cured after years

Question 10

Dissociative Identity Disorder Examples

Answer 10

> person exhibits 2+ alternating personalities
Sizemore saw death as a child
Milligan was abused by father

Question 11

Somatoform Disorders

Answer 11

1) conversion disorder
2) hypochondria
>anxiety affects body

Question 12

Conversion Disorder

Answer 12

> psych conditions manifest as physical condition
(movement, speech, hear, sight)
ex. Anna O - Freud

Question 13

Hypochondria

Answer 13

> fear w/health and illnesses
lack physical symptoms, react to norm body functions
can be caused by stress

Question 14

Affective Disorders

Answer 14

> emotional extremes

1) depressive disorder, most frequent
2) bipolar disorder

Question 15

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 15

> AKA manic-depressive disorder (depression/mania)
depressive symptoms: neg self defeating thoughts, misplaced anger, pessimistic
manic symptoms: can be psychotic, bad long-term decisions
swings from no brain activity to tons
treatable

Question 16

Psychosis

Answer 16

> serious impairment of perception, cognition, or emotion
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech
severe, lose touch w/reality, lack insight to problem
change personality
can’t answer basic questions
ex. schizophrenia, depression, bipolar, abuse/withdraw

Question 17

Schizophrenia

Who Gets

Answer 17

> young people as mature
equal opportunity disease
men suffer from it more severely

Question 18

Schizophrenia

Symptoms

Answer 18

1) though disorders (disorganized/loose association)
2) delusions (false irrational beliefs)
3) hallucinations (disturbed perception)
4) inappropriate emotions/actions

Question 19

Schizophrenia

Disorganized and Delusional Thinking

Answer 19

> no obvious connection between sentences

>statements do not make sense

Question 20

Schizophrenia

Disturbed Perceptions

Answer 20

> frequently auditory

>lesser visual, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory

Question 21

Schizophrenia

Catatonic State

Answer 21

> sit/stand in weird position for hours

>schizophrenia patients

Question 22

Four Types of Schizophrenia

Answer 22

1) disorganized
2) catatonic
3) paranoid
4) undifferentiated

Question 23

Disorganized

Four Types of Schizophrenia

Answer 23

> disrupted thought/speech, inappropriate emotions

Question 24

Catatonic

Four Types of Schizophrenia

Answer 24

> unusual physical symptoms

repeated motions/frozen

Question 25

Paranoid | Four Types of Schizophrenia

Answer 25

>delusions of grandeur: inflated sense of importance | >delusions of persecution: fear someone is trying to harm them

Question 26

Undifferentiated | Four Types of Schizophrenia

Answer 26

>overlapping symptoms of other categories

Question 27

Schizophrenia | Causes

Answer 27

>heredity (higher risk if closer to someone with) >high dopamine levels >environment/stress >lose brain cells if don't respond to treatment

Question 28

*The Diathesis-Stress Model of Mental Illness

Answer 28

>some people have genetic potential for disease >if exposed to stress, can trigger disease >common for many diseases

Question 29

Catatonic Rats

Answer 29

>injected w/drugs to elevate dopamine levels | >result: can hang stiff rats

Question 30

Amphetamines

Answer 30

>people who use show symptoms as schizophrenics | >schizophrenia is a cycle (don't use amphetamines while in remission)

Question 31

Phenothiazines

Answer 31

>dopamine blockers (block receptor sites) | >not a cure, can manage symptoms

Question 32

Schizophrenia | The Environment

Answer 32

>stress in childhood >adoption into healthy environment lowers risk >environmental stress transforms potential into actual disease

Question 33

*Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 33

>depression is "common cold" psych disorders >most common vs. underestimates severity >have to rule out other variables >neg mood state (may show other symptoms on list)

Question 34

Depression and Suicide

Answer 34

>U.S. Army lost more to suicide than war in Iraq and Afghanistan >NKY had 279 suicides in a year >suicide more frequent than homicide

Question 35

Suicide

Answer 35

>occurs more w/age >women more likely to be depressed >older males more successful at attempts

Question 36

Depression | Biological Perspective

Answer 36

>runs in family >imbalance of neurotransmitters >potential drug therapies >biology alone can not explain

Question 37

Beck's Cognitive Theory

Answer 37

>result of maladaptive cognitive patters >stress environment - neg explanatory style - depressed - cognitive/behavioral changes .offers place to break cycle

Question 38

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) | Medication + Psychotherapy = Best Treatment

Answer 38

>ex. Prozac, Lexapro, Paxil, Celexa

Question 39

``` Tricyclic Antidepressants (SNRI) (Medication + Psychotherapy = Best Treatment) ```

Answer 39

>side effects

Question 40

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

Answer 40

>originally for tuberculosis >didn't help, but increased mood >reacts w/certain food (side effects)

Question 41

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 41

>volts to brain stimulate production of neurotransmitters (reboot) >used as last resort >procedure lasts 10 min, 1 min seizure >some pregnant women use

Question 42

Good News About Abnormal Psych

Answer 42

>some can be cured >most improved w/therapy >medications manage symptoms >majority can lead independent lives