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History > Empire 1890-1914 > Flashcards

Empire 1890-1914 Flashcards

1
Q

when was the Entente Cordiale and what was it

A

1904- agreement between Br and Fr recognising Egypt as being in Br sphere of influence

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2
Q

when was a protectorate proclaimed over Egypt

A

November 1914

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3
Q

what was the Denshawai incident and when

A

1906- Br officers hunting pigeons accidentally killed women, on fleeing one died of heatstroke- used flogging and forced labour to decipher what really happened

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4
Q

when did Sailsbury decide to reinvade Sudan and what did he use as an excuse to do this

A

1896- Italian forces defeated at Abyssinia

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5
Q

who was appointed Commander in Chief of Egyptian army in 1896 and what was he given

A

Kitchener- given sealed envelope of orders to be opened after Sudanese defeated

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6
Q

which country opened an exhibition in the Upper Nile

A

France

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7
Q

when was the massacre of Omdurman and give facts

A

September 1998- 27,000 casualties with 12,000 dead

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8
Q

what was Kitchener ordered to do in 1899 and what happened

A

go on to Fashuda to Marchand (French)- French too weak and so beaten

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9
Q

when was the Jameson raid

A

30 Dec 1995- 2 Jan 1996

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10
Q

how many guns did they have for how many men in the jameson raid

A

6 guns for 500

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11
Q

what were the consequences of the Jameson raid

A

-Rhodes fired as PM of cape
-replaced by Jameson

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12
Q

when was Curzon appointed Viceroy

A

1899

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13
Q

why did Britain invade Tibet and when did they do it

A

1903- wanted to protect India from Russian influence

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14
Q

When was Bengal partitioned and what was its population

A

1905- population of 78 million, mostly Hindu

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15
Q

what was the main consequence of the partition of Bengal

A

creation of All India Muslim League

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16
Q

what were the changes of personel to the India office in 1905

A

SoS changed to Morely
Viceroy changed to Minto

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17
Q

who said self-gov for india was a ‘fantastic, ludicrous dream’

A

Minto

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18
Q

what was involved in the Indian Councils Act (1909)

A

introduced direct elections for local councils and enlarged provincial councils- 135 Indian reps elected with separate muslim councils

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19
Q

when was the Anglo-Russian Convention and what did it do

A

1903-Br promised to stay out of N Persia while recognising S Persia as being in Br sphere of influnce

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20
Q

who replaced Minto as Viceroy and when

A

1910- Hardinage

21
Q

when did King George VI visit India and what was this called

A

1911- called Durbar

22
Q

when was Bengal reunified and under which Viceroy

A

1911- Hardinge

23
Q

when was the capital shifted to New Delhi and what did this lead to

A

1911- led to more Hindu unrest

24
Q

stats about muslim employment between 1901-1911

A

1901- 1/8 of 1235
1911- 1/5 of 2305

25
Q

what did the 1912 Islington Commission state

A

recommended ‘Indianisation’ of Indian higher council

26
Q

what was the influence of Joseph Chamberlain

A

-rejected office of chancellor to become Sec. of State for colonies
-led annexation of Ashantiland
-initiated Uganda Railway
-took RNC territory and established direct control
-key in boer war
-imperial preference

27
Q

what was the influence of Cecil Rhodes

A

-PM of Cape Colony 1990-1996
-passed Franchise and Ballot Act (1892) which limited native voting

28
Q

what was the influence of Lord Curzon

A

-viceroy of India 1899-1905
-partitioned Bengal
-adopts gold standard which stabilizes the rupee
-consolidated 6000 miles of railway

29
Q

what was the influence of Evelyn Baring

A

-Consul General of Egypt 1883-1907
-bullied Abbas II (Khedive of Egypt) into submission in 1892

30
Q

what was the influence of Alfred Milner

A

-handpicked by Chamberlain to be High Commissioner for SA from 1907
-used chinese workers to extract gold- disgraced him

31
Q

what was the influence of Lord Kitchener

A

-reconquered Sudan (1896-99)
-Led Br forces in 2nd Boer War (1899-1902) implementing tactics such as scorched Earth
-Consul General for Egypt/Sudan (1911-1914)
-Commander in Chief of Indian army 1902-1904

32
Q

what was the influence of Frederick Lugard

A

-Governor of Hong Kong
-Governor-General of Nigeria
-amalgamated two Nigerias into one in 1906
-Lugard Constitution created protectorate over Nigeria

33
Q

when was the Uganda railway built

A

1896

34
Q

by 1914, what % of Br exports did India control and how much was this worth

A

20% worth £150 million

35
Q

how much was Br trade worth in 1896

A

£745 million

36
Q

of the 745 million, how much was with colonies

A

£183 million (25%)

37
Q

what was imperial preference

A

a commercial arrangement with dominions in which preferential rates were granted to one another by constituent units of an empire

38
Q

who were some key critics of Empire and what did they say

A

-Hobson said imperialism was ‘capitalist plot’ done with intent of making rich richer
-Hobbhouse reported on conditions in concentration camps

39
Q

what were some causes of the Boer War

A

Political- dispute between Transvaal and Br over Uitlander voting (47,000 Uitlanders).
On 9 October 1899, Kruger sent telegram demanding Br remove troops from Transvaal border.
Economic- in 1896 Transvaal gov was richest in world. ‘Rand Millionaires’ felt they profited from granting voting rights
Social- uitlanders denied right to vote and denied citizenship rights

40
Q

what were some of the key events of the Boer War

A

-Boers lay siege to Kimberley, Ladysmith, Mafeking early on
-Kitchener and Roberts sent to lead efforts
-previous towns lost taken back very quickly
-Kruger exiled to Europe
-1901 Boers invade Cape Colonies in guerrilla warfare
-scorched Earth policy destroyed 30,000 undefended

41
Q

what were some facts about concentration camps and those who fought

A

-26,000 Boer women/children killed
-80% of thos killed in cc were <16
-1/2 of men who fought werent fit to fight

42
Q

main consequences of the Boer war

A

-Kitchener attacked for scorched earth policy
-22,000 deaths
-cost £250 million
-changed way conservatives viewed

43
Q

how many papers did the daily mail have in circulation by 1902

A

1 million

44
Q

when was a protectorate established over Zanzibar

A

1890

45
Q

when did Br and Fr identify Br dominance in Nigeria

A

1890

46
Q

when was BEAC replaced by a protectorate in Uganda

A

1894

47
Q

when was Kenya incorporated into the BEAC

A

1895

48
Q

when was Nigeria taken over by the RNC

A

1900

49
Q

what % of Br exports went to Empire

A

37%

History (13 decks)

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