Empire 1890-1914

Question 1

when was the Entente Cordiale and what was it

Answer 1

1904- agreement between Br and Fr recognising Egypt as being in Br sphere of influence

Question 2

when was a protectorate proclaimed over Egypt

Answer 2

November 1914

Question 3

what was the Denshawai incident and when

Answer 3

1906- Br officers hunting pigeons accidentally killed women, on fleeing one died of heatstroke- used flogging and forced labour to decipher what really happened

Question 4

when did Sailsbury decide to reinvade Sudan and what did he use as an excuse to do this

Answer 4

1896- Italian forces defeated at Abyssinia

Question 5

who was appointed Commander in Chief of Egyptian army in 1896 and what was he given

Answer 5

Kitchener- given sealed envelope of orders to be opened after Sudanese defeated

Question 6

which country opened an exhibition in the Upper Nile

Answer 6

France

Question 7

when was the massacre of Omdurman and give facts

Answer 7

September 1998- 27,000 casualties with 12,000 dead

Question 8

what was Kitchener ordered to do in 1899 and what happened

Answer 8

go on to Fashuda to Marchand (French)- French too weak and so beaten

Question 9

when was the Jameson raid

Answer 9

30 Dec 1995- 2 Jan 1996

Question 10

how many guns did they have for how many men in the jameson raid

Answer 10

6 guns for 500

Question 11

what were the consequences of the Jameson raid

Answer 11

-Rhodes fired as PM of cape
-replaced by Jameson

Question 12

when was Curzon appointed Viceroy

Answer 12

1899

Question 13

why did Britain invade Tibet and when did they do it

Answer 13

1903- wanted to protect India from Russian influence

Question 14

When was Bengal partitioned and what was its population

Answer 14

1905- population of 78 million, mostly Hindu

Question 15

what was the main consequence of the partition of Bengal

Answer 15

creation of All India Muslim League

Question 16

what were the changes of personel to the India office in 1905

Answer 16

SoS changed to Morely
Viceroy changed to Minto

Question 17

who said self-gov for india was a ‘fantastic, ludicrous dream’

Answer 17

Minto

Question 18

what was involved in the Indian Councils Act (1909)

Answer 18

introduced direct elections for local councils and enlarged provincial councils- 135 Indian reps elected with separate muslim councils

Question 19

when was the Anglo-Russian Convention and what did it do

Answer 19

1903-Br promised to stay out of N Persia while recognising S Persia as being in Br sphere of influnce

Question 20

who replaced Minto as Viceroy and when

Answer 20

1910- Hardinage

Question 21

when did King George VI visit India and what was this called

Answer 21

1911- called Durbar

Question 22

when was Bengal reunified and under which Viceroy

Answer 22

1911- Hardinge

Question 23

when was the capital shifted to New Delhi and what did this lead to

Answer 23

1911- led to more Hindu unrest

Question 24

stats about muslim employment between 1901-1911

Answer 24

1901- 1/8 of 1235
1911- 1/5 of 2305

Question 25

what did the 1912 Islington Commission state

Answer 25

recommended 'Indianisation' of Indian higher council

Question 26

what was the influence of Joseph Chamberlain

Answer 26

-rejected office of chancellor to become Sec. of State for colonies -led annexation of Ashantiland -initiated Uganda Railway -took RNC territory and established direct control -key in boer war -imperial preference

Question 27

what was the influence of Cecil Rhodes

Answer 27

-PM of Cape Colony 1990-1996 -passed Franchise and Ballot Act (1892) which limited native voting

Question 28

what was the influence of Lord Curzon

Answer 28

-viceroy of India 1899-1905 -partitioned Bengal -adopts gold standard which stabilizes the rupee -consolidated 6000 miles of railway

Question 29

what was the influence of Evelyn Baring

Answer 29

-Consul General of Egypt 1883-1907 -bullied Abbas II (Khedive of Egypt) into submission in 1892

Question 30

what was the influence of Alfred Milner

Answer 30

-handpicked by Chamberlain to be High Commissioner for SA from 1907 -used chinese workers to extract gold- disgraced him

Question 31

what was the influence of Lord Kitchener

Answer 31

-reconquered Sudan (1896-99) -Led Br forces in 2nd Boer War (1899-1902) implementing tactics such as scorched Earth -Consul General for Egypt/Sudan (1911-1914) -Commander in Chief of Indian army 1902-1904

Question 32

what was the influence of Frederick Lugard

Answer 32

-Governor of Hong Kong -Governor-General of Nigeria -amalgamated two Nigerias into one in 1906 -Lugard Constitution created protectorate over Nigeria

Question 33

when was the Uganda railway built

Answer 33

1896

Question 34

by 1914, what % of Br exports did India control and how much was this worth

Answer 34

20% worth £150 million

Question 35

how much was Br trade worth in 1896

Answer 35

£745 million

Question 36

of the 745 million, how much was with colonies

Answer 36

£183 million (25%)

Question 37

what was imperial preference

Answer 37

a commercial arrangement with dominions in which preferential rates were granted to one another by constituent units of an empire

Question 38

who were some key critics of Empire and what did they say

Answer 38

-Hobson said imperialism was 'capitalist plot' done with intent of making rich richer -Hobbhouse reported on conditions in concentration camps

Question 39

what were some causes of the Boer War

Answer 39

Political- dispute between Transvaal and Br over Uitlander voting (47,000 Uitlanders). On 9 October 1899, Kruger sent telegram demanding Br remove troops from Transvaal border. Economic- in 1896 Transvaal gov was richest in world. 'Rand Millionaires' felt they profited from granting voting rights Social- uitlanders denied right to vote and denied citizenship rights

Question 40

what were some of the key events of the Boer War

Answer 40

-Boers lay siege to Kimberley, Ladysmith, Mafeking early on -Kitchener and Roberts sent to lead efforts -previous towns lost taken back very quickly -Kruger exiled to Europe -1901 Boers invade Cape Colonies in guerrilla warfare -scorched Earth policy destroyed 30,000 undefended

Question 41

what were some facts about concentration camps and those who fought

Answer 41

-26,000 Boer women/children killed -80% of thos killed in cc were <16 -1/2 of men who fought werent fit to fight

Question 42

main consequences of the Boer war

Answer 42

-Kitchener attacked for scorched earth policy -22,000 deaths -cost £250 million -changed way conservatives viewed

Question 43

how many papers did the daily mail have in circulation by 1902

Answer 43

1 million

Question 44

when was a protectorate established over Zanzibar

Answer 44

1890

Question 45

when did Br and Fr identify Br dominance in Nigeria

Answer 45

1890

Question 46

when was BEAC replaced by a protectorate in Uganda

Answer 46

1894

Question 47

when was Kenya incorporated into the BEAC

Answer 47

1895

Question 48

when was Nigeria taken over by the RNC

Answer 48

1900

Question 49

what % of Br exports went to Empire

Answer 49

37%