Germany- The 'Terror State'

Question 1

Who controlled the SS

Answer 1

Himmler

Question 2

Who were the SD

Answer 2

intelligence gathering offshoot of the SS

Question 3

Who was Minister-President of the Gestapo

Answer 3

Goering

Question 4

When was the Gestapo extended to cover all of Germany

Answer 4

1933

Question 5

How did Himmler become head of police

Answer 5

• Night of the Long Knives reduced SA powers
• Exploited rivalry between Goering and Frick

Question 6

What happened to the police in 1936

Answer 6

SS, SD and Gestapo placed under command of Himmler

Question 7

What was set up in 1939 and what did it achieve

Answer 7

Reich Security Department Headquarters which placed all party/ state police under one organisation supervised by SS

Question 8

How did membership of the SS differ in 1933 to 1929

Answer 8

1929- 250
1933- 52,000

Question 9

When was the SS formed

Answer 9

1925

Question 10

What were key values of the SS

Answer 10

loyalty/ honour

Question 11

When were extermination camps established in occupied countries

Answer 11

1942

Question 12

How many temporary camps were set up in early months

Answer 12

70

Question 13

By 1934, how many prisoners were there in concentration camps compared to the year before

Answer 13

1/4

Question 14

When did all concentration camps come under SS control

Answer 14

1934

Question 15

when/what was the SD set up as

Answer 15

1931- set up to investigate claims the party had been infiltrated by its political enemies

Question 16

how many members did the SD have by 1939

Answer 16

50,000

Question 17

how many officers did the Gestapo have in 1939

Answer 17

20,000

Question 18

what % of work depended on info supplied by informers

Answer 18

50-80%

Question 19

How did the Gestapo extract information from informants when they were reluctant to give up information

Answer 19

torture

Question 20

how was the justice system ‘coordinated’

Answer 20

i) Front of German Law in April 1933 made clear to judges/lawyers their careers depend on doing regime’s biding
ii) courts set up with no juries and defendants had no rights to appeal sentences

Question 21

By the start of war how many officials coordinated info in Gestapo

Answer 21

3000

Question 22

How did the Nazis use terror and surveillance

Answer 22

• civil rights lost
• courts increasingly made to deliver judgements to uphold regime
• ‘atmosphere of fear’- those who were prepared to question must have known their actions were futile gestures which would end in personal sacrifice
• SS appealed as instrument to protect
• Gestapo used cooperation of many ordinary citizens

Question 23

What happened when SPD activists campaigned for election campaign in March 1933

Answer 23

SA violence

Question 24

Where did SPD send propaganda pamphlets

Answer 24

Czechoslovakia

Question 25

What was a Sopade

Answer 25

reports produced by agents of the SPD to inform exiled Party leadership about situation in Germany

Question 26

What % of KPD membership was killed in 1933

Answer 26

10%

Question 27

How did the KPD rebel

Answer 27

set up new newspapers- all broken up by Gestapo

Question 28

How many strikes were recorded in 1937

Answer 28

250

Question 29

how many of the 25,000 workers who participated in strikes in 1935 spent time in prison

Answer 29

4000

Question 30

by the end of 1937, how many protestant pastors had been arrested

Answer 30

700

Question 31

When/what was the only time to Catholic Church placed itself at conflict with the regime

Answer 31

1937- Pope issued papal encyclical 'With Burining Grief' condemned Nazi hatred against Church

Question 32

What were activities members of the Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens had to partake in

Answer 32

- compulsory gymnastic sessions on Wednesday evenings - all day hikes on Sundays - endless military drilling

Question 33

what was 'Gleichschaltung' based on

Answer 33

premise individuals should have no independent activity

Question 34

Which youth group in particular was more explicitly critical of Nazis

Answer 34

'Eidelweiss Piraten'

Question 35

What was a crucial centre of opposition to the regime

Answer 35

'Abwehr' (military intelligence office)

Question 36

When did Hitler reintroduce conscription

Answer 36

March 1935

Question 37

How much did conscription increase army numbers

Answer 37

550,000

Question 38

Which two military generals expressed doubts to Hitler and what happened to them

Answer 38

Blomberg/ Fritsch- purged from army leadership

Question 39

What caused who to plan a military coup

Answer 39

Hitler preparing to invade Czechoslovakia (Br and Fr would oppose) caused Head of Army General Staff Beck

Question 40

When/ what/ who planned to assassinate Hitler

Answer 40

8 Nov 1939- Georg Elser bombed a speech- Hitler left 3 mins early

Question 41

How many SS members were there by1939

Answer 41

240,000

Question 42

In Jan 1933, how many privately owned newspapers were there

Answer 42

4700

Question 43

What was the Nazi publishing house called

Answer 43

Eher Verlag

Question 44

How many daily newspapers did Eher Verlag own and what was the circulation of these per day

Answer 44

27 newspapers, 2.4 million per day

Question 45

By 1939, how much of German press did Eher Verlag own

Answer 45

2/3

Question 46

Who controlled information supplied to the news agencies

Answer 46

Deutches Narchrichtenburo

Question 47

What did the Editors' Law of October 1933 do

Answer 47

made newspaper content responsibility of editor who had to satisfy requirements of Propaganda ministry

Question 48

How many broadcasts did Hitler make in 1933 on his speeches

Answer 48

50

Question 49

How did the % of households owned a radio in 1932 compared to 1939

Answer 49

1932- 25% 1939- 70%

Question 50

What was 'People's receiver' and what was it linked to

Answer 50

Volksempfanger- linked to mass production and selling of cheap radio sets

Question 51

When were all radio stations brought under central control of who

Answer 51

April 1934- Reich Radio Company

Question 52

Who was responsible for approving every film after 1933

Answer 52

Goebbels

Question 53

How many films were produced between 1933-1945 and what % of these were political

Answer 53

1000- 14%

Question 54

Who created the Heil Hitler salute

Answer 54

Goebbels

Question 55

What happened at marches

Answer 55

uniforms/medals worn, carried banners, sung party songs

Question 56

How were households expected to show support for national parades

Answer 56

hanging out swastika flags

Question 56

How many people attended the 1937 national rally

Answer 56

100,000

Question 57

What was 'Olympia'

Answer 57

a 4 hour film financed by the Nazis

Question 58

How many of Germany's music writers left Germany between 1933-1945

Answer 58

2500

Question 59

When did a group of Nazi students and SA members burn books and how many books did they burn

Answer 59

6th May 1933- 20,000

Question 59

What were the two contrasting art exhibitions in July 1937

Answer 59

'Degenerate Art' and 'Great German Art'

Question 60

What books were typically burnt

Answer 60

books about family planning, jews or marxists

Question 61

What was the Hitler Myth

Answer 61

Hitler presented as 'man of the people' symbolising unity of Nazi party and people

Question 62

How was Hitler presented and how was Hitler in reality

Answer 62

Presented: -tough/hardworking -political genius who mastered Germany's problems -Dynamic/forceful -Simplistic in lifestyle -Guardian of true morality Reality -Surrounded by officials who competed to gain his attention -Stayed up late, watching films, getting up at midday

Question 63

What did Goebbels claim was his greatest achievement and when

Answer 63

1941- creation of Hitler Myth

Question 64

What was the Waffen SS

Answer 64

military wing of the SS

Question 65

Who led the SD

Answer 65

Reinhard Heydrich

Question 66

What was the Aryan Paragraph

Answer 66

Those not of Aryan birth couldn't enter the civil service or Protestant Evangelical Church