Germany- end of war

Question 1

when was the Weimar republic

Answer 1

1918-1933

Question 2

what type of government was the Weimar republic

Answer 2

Democratic

Question 3

who had the right to vote in the Reichstag

Answer 3

males, 25+

Question 3

who did the Kaiser give more political power to towards the end of WW1

Answer 3

leading generals like Erich Ludendorff and Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg (the army)

Question 3

what ruled germany after 1916 for rest of the war

Answer 3

new military comittee

Question 3

what was formed after the war (government republic)

Answer 3

Weimar republic

Question 3

What happened to government after the war

Answer 3

end of Kaisers rule and start of democratic government

Question 4

who did right wing germans blame after WW1

Answer 4

Kaiser, jews and racial minorities

Question 5

what did the left wing germans want after WW1

Answer 5

wanted communist revolution

Question 5

what did the allies do that lead to the limitations of supplies in germany

Answer 5

naval blockade

Question 6

how many germans were killed in WW1`

Answer 6

2 million and 8 million injured

Question 7

what was Ludendorff’s plan to avoid being blamed for defeat

Answer 7

advised Kaiser to hand power over to civilian government so tried to establish democracy with a monarch

Question 8

why did Ludendorff do what he did towards the end of the war

Answer 8

i) to secure Germany the best possible peace terms
ii) to prevent political outbreak

Question 9

who devised 14 points as means of dealing fairly with the aftermath of war

Answer 9

Woodrow Wilson

Question 10

what reforms did the Kaiser introduce to turn Germany into a democracy before end of WW1

Answer 10

i) appointed Max of Baden as new Chancellor
ii) Chancellor to be responsible to Reichstag and new government
iii) Wilhelm have up powers over army/navy with army put under control of Reichstag

Question 11

when were the german government reforms introduced

Answer 11

October 1918, 1 month before end of war

Question 12

what are the ‘October Reforms’ referred to as

Answer 12

‘Revolution from above’

Question 13

who was Prince Max of Baden

Answer 13

former army officer and member of royal house of Grand Duchy of Baden. appointed Chancellor in October Reforms

Question 14

when did Prince Max write to President Wilson asking for an armistice

Answer 14

3 October 1918

Question 15

what three things did Wilson ask Germany to do to begin working for an armistice

Answer 15

i) evacuate all occupied territory
ii) end sub warfare
iii) fully democratize political system

Question 16

why were the german demands for the start of armistice negotiations too much

Answer 16

asked for german surrender, Kaisers abdication

Question 17

what was the peace note

Answer 17

admission germany had lost the war

Question 18

what happened on 3/11/1918 at Kiel

Answer 18

sailors mutinied against officers and took control of the base

Question 19

what did sailors fear would happen as a result of the mutinies

Answer 19

suicide attacks against Britain to have honour

Question 20

what had happened with the revolts by 4/11/1918

Answer 20

spread to major cities

Question 21

what did most members of council want at end of WW1

Answer 21

Kaiser abdication and democratic republic

Question 22

which groups of people were catalysts for the collapse of the regime after ww1

Answer 22

military officers and government officials

Question 23

what happened in Bavaria on 8/11/1918

Answer 23

republic proclaimed

Question 24

what happened on 9/11/1918

Answer 24

SPD workers called for massive strike demanding Kaisers abdication, Max released press statement saying this had happened, then resigned and gave power to the leader of the SPD, Ebert, leading to provisional coalition government, General Groenoer told Kaiser army wouldnt fight for him, Kaiser abdicates at 5pm

Question 25

who was Friedrich Ebert

Answer 25

became leader of SPD in 1913, first Chancellor of new German republic in Nov. 1918 and first President in 1919

Question 26

who was General Groener

Answer 26

distinguished military administrator who succeeded Ludendorff after he fled

Question 27

what did the abdicated Wilhelm do after his abdication

Answer 27

fled to holland next day and was held up at Eysen for 6 hours but eventually let in

Question 28

when did Ludendorff flee to Sweeden

Answer 28

26 October

Question 29

when did Ebert enter the Reichstag

Answer 29

1912

Question 30

when did the SPD split and what was formed as a result

Answer 30

1917- USPD

Question 31

what did Ebert support when Germany collapsed

Answer 31

parliamentary democracy with constitutional monarchy

Question 32

who held the first democratic elections and created the Weimar constitution

Answer 32

Friedrich Ebert

Question 33

who did Ebert use to suppress the more radical left

Answer 33

army and Freikorps

Question 34

when did Ebert become president (a) and also die (b)

Answer 34

Feb 1919 (a), 1925 (b)

Question 35

how did Ebert come to power

Answer 35

Max of Baden gave him power, however come to power through revolutionary act

Question 36

why did Ebert need to establish new constitution asap

Answer 36

his government lacked legitemacy

Question 37

what was a Constituent Assembly

Answer 37

elected body with task of drawing up new constitution after revolution

Question 38

when he came to power, where did Ebert have power

Answer 38

Berlin

Question 39

what became regular circumstances after he armistice

Answer 39

street demonstrations and strikes

Question 40

how many members did the KPD have

Answer 40

5000

Question 41

who did the KPD believe Germany should follow

Answer 41

Russia and Lenin

Question 42

how many people were in the USPD

Answer 42

300k members

Question 43

how many members did the SPD have by 1912

Answer 43

1 million

Question 44

by late 1918, what did the SPD government rely on

Answer 44

army

Question 45

what was Eberts main worry when he came to power

Answer 45

extreme left would get upper hand and might threaten policy of gradual change

Question 46

who did Ebert make agreements with when he came to power

Answer 46

army+industrialists

Question 47

what were Eberts main problems when he came to power

Answer 47

socio-economic left wing opposition right wing opposition military

Question 48

what socio-economic problems were there for Ebert when he came to power

Answer 48

-inflation -shortages (from winter of 1917-17 fuel) -flu epidemic (spanish flu)

Question 49

why was left wing opposition a problem for Ebert when he came to power

Answer 49

-strikes from autumn 1918 -German communists -workers and soldiers councils

Question 50

why was right wing opposition a problem for Ebert when he came to power

Answer 50

-Freikorps (right wing nationalist soldiers) -army embittered by defeat after WW1 - nationalists didn’t support new government

Question 51

why was the military a problem for Ebert when he came to power

Answer 51

-Demobilisation -allied blockade caused shortages, not relieved until June 1919 -peace terms were horrible

Question 52

When was an agreement reached between new gov, Berlin workers, soldiers councils

Answer 52

22 nov 1918

Question 53

What did officers believe could happen in late 1918

Answer 53

Bolshevik revolution, civil war, even occupation from west

Question 53

What was the Ebert-Groener pact and when

Answer 53

That the army would be loyal to Ebert if he used the army to suppress communist opposition. Agreed on 10 november

Question 53

What was the Stinnes-Legien agreement

Answer 53

Deal where trade unions made commitment to not interfere with private ownership in return for an 8 hour working day

Question 53

why did Eberts government endorse the Stinnes- Legien agreement

Answer 53

trade unions were powerful movement and traditionally closely tied with SPD

Question 53

what did critics on the left say Eberts pact was

Answer 53

betrayal of revolution

Question 54

what is a counter argument to Eberts pact and conflict it brought

Answer 54

both parties motivated to keep peaceful transition and guarantee stability

Question 55

when did Ebert and the cabinet make preparations for elections to Constituent Assembly

Answer 55

Jan 1919

Question 56

when was the Spartacist (KPD) demonstration and what happened

Answer 56

6 Dec 1918, fired on soldiers, killing 16

Question 56

what caused 3 USPD officials to resign from Eberts government and when

Answer 56

23-24th Dec, sailors revolt against Berlin, put down by army

Question 56

what was the 'January Revolution and when did it start

Answer 56

6 Jan 1919, Spartacists launched armed revolution, week of heavy fighting but eventually crushed