Germany- Hitlers consolidation of power

Question 1

When was the Reichstag building set on fire

Answer 1

27th Feb 1933

Question 2

When/what was the Decree for Protection of the People and the State

Answer 2

When- 28th Feb 1933
What- Suspended important civil rights​
Police were given greater powers to arrest and detain people without charge and search private premises​
Government had the power to censor publications (restriction of free speech)

Question 3

What happened to the SA in Feb 1933

Answer 3

became recognised as auxillary police- orders issued forbidding police from interfering with SA

Question 4

When did the Nazis begin taking over state governments

Answer 4

6-7th March 1933

Question 5

When was the Enabling Act passed

Answer 5

24th March 1933

Question 6

What fraction of the Reichstag had to vote in favour of the Enabling Act and why was this

Answer 6

2/3 as it was seen as an amendment to the constitution

Question 7

When was the SPD outlawed and as what

Answer 7

22 June 1933 as ‘hostile to nation and state’

Question 8

When was the ZP voluntarily disbanded

Answer 8

5 July 1933

Question 9

What % of the 12 Nov 1933 elections did the Nazi win

Answer 9

92%

Question 10

When was the Reichsrat abolished

Answer 10

14th February 1934

Question 11

When was the Night of the Long Knives

Answer 11

30th June 1934

Question 12

When/where/how was Ernst Rohm killed

Answer 12

when- 30th June 1934
where- Stadelheim Prison
how- revolver left in room for option of suicide- said ‘If I am to be killed, let Adolf do it himself’- then shot by 2 SS officers at point blank range

Question 13

What led many people into thinking Nazism was a clear and well ordered system of government

Answer 13

Nazi totalitarian claims

Question 14

What law and when outlawed all non-Nazi political parites

Answer 14

14th July 1933- Law against Formation of New Parties

Question 15

Who/when, along with the army, had to make a new oath of loyalty to Hitler

Answer 15

1934- Civil Servants

Question 16

who drew up all government legislation

Answer 16

Hans-Heinrich Lammers

Question 17

When/how many/why was the ‘torchlight procession’

Answer 17

When- 30th Jan 1933
How many- attended by roughly 100k
why- to show Hitler taking over wasn’t like any other- show victory of Nazi movement/ start of their ‘National Revolution’

Question 18

Which two members of Nazis in cabinet were in charge of police

Answer 18

Wilhelm Frick
Herman Goering

Question 19

How did SA membership vary in Jan 1933 to Jan 1934

Answer 19

1933- 500k
1934- 3 million

Question 20

Whose newspapers were banned after criticizing the Nazi regime

Answer 20

SPD/ ZP

Question 21

Who/when were the first prisoners at Dachau

Answer 21

8th March 1933- communists/ socialists

Question 22

By July 1933, how many political prisoners had been arrested/ placed in how many camps

Answer 22

30,000 political prisoners in 70 camps

Question 23

When was Hitler warned in the future the SA could become target for Nazi violence/ terror

Answer 23

July 1933

Question 24

What happened to the SA following the Law Against Formation of New parties

Answer 24

• Hitler made speech on 6 July 1933 declaring end to revolution
• SA feared he was ready to dilute Nazi ideology
• In Feb 1933 SA and Stalhelm merged and became ‘auxiliary police’
• Became less used as no political opponents to threaten/ intimidate
• Rohm called for Second Revolution, aiming for SA to become nucleus of new national militia

Question 25

What did SA units start doing in summer 1934

Answer 25

stopping army convoys/ confiscating weapons and supplies

Question 26

Why did Hitler plan the Night of the Long Knives

Answer 26

Hindenburg nearing death, army wanted elimination of SA and end of talk of 'second revolution and people's army'- could gain favour of generals

Question 27

What was the trigger cause of the Night of the Long Knives

Answer 27

Papen made speech on 17th June called for end to terror and for Hitler to clamp down on SA's calls for second revolution- Goebbels tried to censor it in press but still got out

Question 28

Who supplied weapons/ transport in Night of the Long Knives

Answer 28

Army

Question 29

Who were the main deaths in the Night of the Long Knives

Answer 29

General Schleicher Gregor Strasser Ernst Rohm

Question 30

Significance of Night of the Long Knives

Answer 30

- Army endorsed Nazi regime- shown by Bloomberg's vote of thanks to Hitler on 1st July - Soldiers agreed to take personal oath of loyalty to Hitler rather than state - Emergence of SS - Hitler secured own personal political supremacy and his decisions/ actions accepted - Clear Nazi regime was personal dictatorship

Question 31

What had Hindenburg drawn up before his death

Answer 31

Political will in which he expressed preference for restoration of monarchy

Question 32

What event dissolved doubts about Hitler succeeding Hindenburg

Answer 32

Night of the Long Knives (removal of SA)

Question 33

when did Hindenburg die

Answer 33

2 August 1934

Question 34

How long did it take for the announcement that the office of Chancellor and office of President would be merged

Answer 34

Less than an hour

Question 35

When did officers of the army take an oath of allegiance to Hitler

Answer 35

2 August 1934 (same day Hindenburg died)

Question 36

When was a plebiscite held to get German seal of approval on Hitler's appointment as Fuhrer and what was the result

Answer 36

19th August 1934- 89.9% approved

Question 37

How many people and what % said no to the plebiscite

Answer 37

10.1%- 4.5 million

Question 38

Which 6 ways did Hitler consolidate his power

Answer 38

1) Terror- intimidation, Night of the Long Knives 2) Legalism- use of law (e.g Enabling Act) 3) Deception- Misled powerful groups to destroy them (e.g SA, trade unions) 4) Propaganda- successfully cultivated powerful images with Hitler as a respectable statesman 5) Weaknesses- Left divided by Social Democrats and communists 6)Sympathy of conservative right

Question 39

What was the law called which combined the offices of President and Chacellor

Answer 39

Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich

Question 40

Who claimed Hitler had total and comprehensive 'Fuhrer Power'

Answer 40

E. Huber (Nazi theorist)

Question 41

How did the number of times cabinet met differ in 1933 to 1936

Answer 41

1933- 72 1936- 4

Question 42

Who outlined Hitler's style of rule as 'charismatic domination' and what does it suggest

Answer 42

Ian Kershaw- suggests: 1) Hitler was crucial as he was responsible for Nazi dream 2) No real effective opposition to him or aims 3) Hitler didn't get lost in detail of day-to-day gov 4) Generated environment in which his followers carried out his presumed intentions, and others willingly took responsibility to 'work towards the Fuhrer'

Question 43

When/what department was set up which Goebbels was put in charge of

Answer 43

March 1933- Department of Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda

Question 44

What would happen before Hitler's broadcasts (radio)

Answer 44

Sirens would sound and people would gather around radios to listen