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Question 1

When do prog levels peak in menstruation?

Answer 1

Luteal phase

Question 2

Primary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 2

Normal/high PTH

Question 3

Hypercalcemia - PTH low or high?

Answer 3

Low

Question 4

First hormone to be secreted in hypoglycemia?

Answer 4

Glucagon

Question 5

Drug used prior to trans-sphenoidal surgery?

Answer 5

Octreotide

Question 6

First line drug for stress incontinence?

Answer 6

Duloxetine

Question 7

First line drug for urge incontinence?

Answer 7

Oxybut

Question 8

How long should PFT be continued before changing management?

Answer 8

3M

Question 9

Patient with an unexplained raised anion gap acidosis and normal blood sugar level who is on SGLT2 inhibitor?

Answer 9

Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EuDKA)

Question 10

Raised calcium in malignancy?

Answer 10

Parathyroid-hormone-related peptide release

Question 11

Acromegaly first and second line investigations?

Answer 11

1st - IGF1 2nd - glucose tolerance testing

Question 12

Which pathology is least recognised as a potential complication of acromegaly?

Answer 12

Pulmonary HTN

Question 13

Water deprivation test results for primary polydipsia?
Urine osmolality after fluid deprivation and desmopressin?

Answer 13

High

Question 14

Water deprivation test results for nephrogenic DI?
Urine osmolality after fluid deprivation and desmopressin?

Answer 14

Low

Question 15

Serum osmolality in HHS?

Answer 15

Serum osmolality is typically > 320 mosmol/kg

Question 16

History of following a viral illness, raised ESR, tender goitre and initial hyperthyroid phase?

Answer 16

subacute (De Quervain’s) thyroiditis - management is aspirin/NSAIDs

Question 17

High calcium, high PTH + long history of renal impairment?

Answer 17

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Question 18

Bartter’s syndrome results from?

Answer 18

Defective NKCC2 channel in the ascending loop of Henle

Question 19

PPAR-gamma receptor agonists CI in which pathology?

Answer 19

HF

Question 20

Glycosuria, slim, recurrent balanitis? Inheritance?

Answer 20

MODY - autosomal dom

Question 21

Hypokalemic met alkalosis associated with which pathology?

Answer 21

Cushings syndrome

Question 22

Medications causing drug induced gynaecomastia?

Answer 22

Digoxin, spiro, goserelin

Question 23

Antibodies distinguishing Grave’s from other forms of thyroid disease?

Answer 23

Anti TSH

Question 24

SGLT inhibitor example and mechanism?

Answer 24

Dapaglifozin, prevents glucose from being absorbed in prox tubule - causes glycosuria predisposing pts to UTIs

Question 25

Hypercalacemia secondary to malignancy?

Answer 25

PTH is low, although PTHrP may be raised

Question 26

Which types of renal tubular acidosis cause hypokalemia?

Answer 26

Type 1 and 2

Question 27

Sulfonylureas mechanism?

Answer 27

Stimulate secretion of insulin

Question 28

First line medication in MODY?

Answer 28

Sulfureas

Question 29

Metformin mechanism?

Answer 29

Increases sensitivity to insulin

Question 30

Thiazolidinediones mechanism?

Answer 30

Activate PPAR-gamma receptor in adipocytes to promote adipogenesis and fatty acid uptake

Question 31

DPP4 inhibitors mechanism?

Answer 31

Inhibitor - Increases incretin levels

Question 32

GLP1 agonists?

Answer 32

Incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion

Question 33

SGLT-2 inhibitors (-gliflozins) mechanisms?

Answer 33

SG (SUCK GLUCOSE) - Inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney

Question 34

Metformin during Ramadan?

Answer 34

For patients taking metformin the expert consensus is that the dose should be split one-third before sunrise (Suhoor) and two-thirds after sunset (Iftar)

Question 35

LH and test in Kallmann's?

Answer 35

kaLL (low low) - low LH and test

Question 36

Lack of smell (anosmia) in a boy with delayed puberty?

Answer 36

Kallmann's

Question 37

Treating primary hypercholesterolaemia in adults in whom initial statin therapy is contraindicated or who cannot tolerate statin therapy?

Answer 37

Ezetimibe

Question 38

Type 1 RTA features?

Answer 38

Hypokalemia and nephrocalcinosis

Question 39

Type 2 RTA features?

Answer 39

Hypokalemia and osteomalacia

Question 40

Carbimazole mechanism of action?

Answer 40

Blocks thyroid peroxidase (TPO-carbimazOle) from coupling and iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin → reducing thyroid hormone production

Question 41

Elevated prolactin level along with secondary hypothyroidism and hypogonadism is indicative of stalk compression and which dx?

Answer 41

Non functioning pit adenoma

Question 42

Gitelman's syndrome triad?

Answer 42

Normotension, hypokalaemia + hypocalciuria

Question 43

Toxic multinodular goitre uptake on nuclear scintigraphy?

Answer 43

Patchy

Question 44

Young female, 3-month history of increasing fatigue and facial plethora, heavy periods, raised hb?

Answer 44

Uterine fibroids - JAK2 associated with older pts

Question 45

Low Ca and PO4, high Ca?

Answer 45

Osteomalacia

Question 46

Barter's syndrome associated with hyper or normotension?

Answer 46

Normotension

Question 47

Fibrates mechanism of action?

Answer 47

Activate PPAR alpha receptors resulting in an increase in LPL activity reducing triglyceride levels

Question 48

The most common cause of death in systemic sclerosis is?

Answer 48

Respiratory involvement

Question 49

Useful test of exocrine function in chronic pancreatits?

Answer 49

Faecal elastase

Question 50

ADH site of action?

Answer 50

Collecting ducts

Question 51

Molecular biology techniques?

Answer 51

Southern - DNA, NOrthern - RNA, Western - protein ## Footnote SNOW DROP

Question 52

Molecular biology techniques?

Answer 52

Southern - DNA, NOrthern - RNA, Western - protein ## Footnote SNOW DROP