Endocrine

Question 1

What is the best treatment option for Graves’s eye disease?

Answer 1

Total thyroidectomy. Radioiodine will worsen symptoms associated with eye disease, especially if a smoker.

Question 2

What condition can cause aching, burning sensation in the thighs in diabetics?

Answer 2

Proximal myopathy/Diabetic amyotrophy /lumbosacral plexopathy.
Optimal glycaemic control is mainstay treatment.

Question 3

Which antibodies are most strongly associated with Graves’ disease?

Answer 3

thyrotropin receptor antibodied
+ sometimes very low titres of anti-thyroglobulin

Question 4

Which antibodies are most strongly associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

Answer 4

Anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies

Question 5

Riedel’s thyroiditis can cause what changes on biopsy?

Answer 5

Dense fibrosis replacing normal thyroid parenchyma.

Question 6

What is milk-alkali syndrome?

Answer 6

Dyspepsia with hypercalcaemia and high bicarb causing metabolic alkalosis as a result of excessive consumption of calcium-containing antacids and absorbable alkali.