Respiratory

Question 1

Which specific markers are most useful to diagnose bronchial carcinoid?

Answer 1

Chromogranin A (more specific) and neuron specific enolase.

Question 2

What is the term used to describe ‘fibrous, narrowing of the airways’ which often presents with dry cough and dyspnoa. Normal examination findings but sometimes a wheeze. XR can be normal or show reticulonodular pattern.

Answer 2

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Question 3

What is normally prescribed as prophylaxis against pneumocystis jiroveci if CD4<200?

Answer 3

Co-trimoxazole

Question 4

What infection is most associated with ‘hyphae’ in the sputum?

Answer 4

Aspergillosis

Question 5

Overdose of which drugs usually results in acute respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 5

Salicylates and theophylline

Question 6

Progressive mass fibrosis can be linked to history of dust (coal) exposure. It causes mixed restrictive/obstructive picture and multiple fibrotic masses appear in lungs. Which antibodies can be positive?

Answer 6

Rheumatoid factor and ANA.

Question 7

What is Macleod syndrome?

Answer 7

Unilateral emphysema following childhood bronchiolitis.

Question 8

Side effects of TB medication?

Answer 8

-Hepatitis - Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide

-Optic neuritis and/or yellowing of vision - Ethambutol

-Peripheral neuropathy - Isoniazid
Red/orange urine - Rifampicin

Question 9

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is associated with which form of lung disease?

Answer 9

Emphysema