Renal

Question 1

Which autosomal recessive condition presents with low potassium, sodium, chloride and magnesium, AND raised urinary sodium/potassium?

Answer 1

Gitelman syndrome

Question 2

Which autosomal dominant condition presents with high sodium, low urinary sodium? Type of pseudohyperaldosteronism.

Answer 2

Liddle’s syndrome

Question 3

What is the cyanide nitroprusside test?

Answer 3

This is used to test for autosomal recessive disease called cystinuria. Urine is added to sodium nitroprusside to form a purple coloured complex if cystine is present.

Question 4

IgA nephropathy can occur following viral gastroenteritis or URTI. Haematuria, proteinuria etc. How is it managed?

Answer 4

Observation if isolated mild haematuria or proteinuria.
Consider prednisolone.
ACE-i if HTN (indicating poor renal function).