Endocrine

Question 1

Primary hyperfunction=

Answer 1

Autonomous hormone production

Question 2

Secondary hyperfunction=

Answer 2

Excessive release of regulatory hormone

Question 3

Hyperpituitarism is most commonly due to

Answer 3

Adenoma (Benign tumor)

Question 4

Most common pituitary adenoma is

Answer 4

Prolactinoma

Question 5

Ischemic necrosis to the pituitary in pregnant women is called

Answer 5

Sheehan syndrome

Question 6

Ectopic ADH secretion usually due to

Answer 6

Small cell lung carcinoma

Question 7

Hyperfunction of post pituitary (ADH) is called

Answer 7

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH

Question 8

Pineal gland tumor

Answer 8

Poinealoma

Question 9

What is the hormone syndrome in Pinealoma

Answer 9

No special hormone syndrome

Question 10

Paraneoplastic syndrome that causes hypercalcemia through PTH secretion

Answer 10

Lung squamous cell carcinoma
Breast carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma

LBR

Question 11

Which acute infection can cause hypocalcemia

Answer 11

Acute pancreatitis due to saponification of fat necrosis

Question 12

Central hypercorisoilsm=

Answer 12

Cushing disease

Question 13

Central hypercortisoilsm is due to

Answer 13

Pituitary corticotroph adenoma -> Secondary hypercotisolism -> Diffused adrenal hyperplasia

Question 14

What can lead to adrenal cortex atrophy?

Answer 14

Primary adrenal nodular hyperplasia/adenoma -> Cortisol high, ACTH low bcs. of negative feedback -> No stimulation of the adrenal -> Atrophy

Question 15

Ectopic cushing syndrome is due to

Answer 15

Paraneoplasia- SCLC

For example

Question 16

Hyperaldestronism=

Answer 16

Conn syndrome

Question 17

Conn syndrome most commonly caused by

Answer 17

Primary adrenal adenoma

Question 18

Conn syndrome rarely caused by

Answer 18

Nodular hyperplasia

Question 19

Secondary hyperaldestronism most commonly caused by

Answer 19

Increased renin levels

Question 20

Hyperfunction of male hormones=

Answer 20

Virilization

Question 21

Adrenal glands hyperplasia is divides into two types

Answer 21

1. Primary- Nodular

2. Secondary- Diffuse

Question 22

Genetic abnormalities causing Adrenocortical insufficiency

Answer 22

21 Hydroxylase deficiency

Question 23

Primary chronic adrenocotical insufficiency=

Answer 23

Addison’s disease

Question 24

Addison’s disease=

Answer 24

Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency

Question 25

Most common cause of Addison’s disease

Answer 25

Autoimmune mediated

Question 26

Primary tumor of the adrenal medulla=

Answer 26

Pheochromocytoma

Question 27

Pheochromocytoma causes

Answer 27

Secondary hypertension

Question 28

Most of the Pheochromocytoma behave in a malignant/benign fashion

Answer 28

Benign

Question 29

Adrenal cortical tumors are _____ (color)

Answer 29

Yellow

Question 30

Adrenal medulla tumor is _____ (color)

Answer 30

Red/Brown

Question 31

Childhood tumors accruing in the renal medulla are called

Answer 31

Neuroblastoma

Question 32

Matured form of Neuroblastoma is called

Answer 32

Ganglioneurinoma

Question 33

Hormonally inactive adrenal tumors

Answer 33

Incidental cortical adenoma | Metastatic malignancies

Question 34

Metastatic malignancies affecting the adrenal glands

Answer 34

``` Lung (Mostly) Kidney Breast Colorectal carcinoma Melanoma ```

Question 35

Hyperfunction of endocrine pancreas is always _____ | Primary/Secondary

Answer 35

Primary

Question 36

Hyperinsulinism is most commonly due to

Answer 36

Insulinoma (Benign)

Question 37

Gaastrinoms leads to

Answer 37

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Question 38

DM is one of the most important risk factors of

Answer 38

Atherosclerosis

Question 39

Frequently occurring eye disorders in diabetic patients

Answer 39

Diabetic retinopathy Cataract Glaucoma