Uropathology

Question 1

Opening of urethra on inferior surface of penis=

Answer 1

Hypospadias

Question 2

Hypospadias happens due to

Answer 2

Failure of urethral folds to close

Question 3

Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis=

Answer 3

Epidpadias

Question 4

Epispadias is due to

Answer 4

Abnormal positioning of genital tubercle

Question 5

2/3 of Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis cases are due to

Answer 5

High risk HPV

Question 6

Precursor lesions prior to squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (3)

Answer 6

Bowen disease
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Bowenoid papulosis

Question 7

Failure of the testicle to descend into scrotal sac

Answer 7

Cryptoorchidism

Question 8

Inflammation of the testicles

Answer 8

Orchitis

Question 9

Which cause of orchitis usually includes granulomas involving the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 9

Autoimmune orchitis

TB

Question 10

Twisting of the spermatic cord=

Answer 10

Testicular torsion

Question 11

Testicular torsion will lead to

Answer 11

Hemorrhagic necrosis

Question 12

Dilation of spermatic vein due to impaired drainage=

Answer 12

Varicocele

Question 13

Varicocele usually happens on the _____ side

Answer 13

Left

Question 14

Which carcinoma likes to go to renal vein

Answer 14

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 15

Fluid collection within tunica vaginalis=

Answer 15

Hydrocele

Question 16

2 types of testicular tumors

Answer 16

1. Germ cell (95%)

2. Sex cord stroma

Question 17

Do we perform testicular cancer biopsy?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Risk factors for germ cell testicular tumor

Answer 18

Cryptorchidism

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 19

Germ cell tumor in the testicle are divided to

Answer 19

Seminoma

Nonseminoma

Question 20

Seminoma=

Answer 20

Malignant tumor of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei

Question 21

Gross examination of the testicles in Seminoma will reveal

Answer 21

Homogenous mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis

Question 22

In rare cases, Seminoma can produce _____

Answer 22

B-hCG

Question 23

Seminoma has ____ prognosis

Answer 23

Good

Question 24

What is the most common testicular tumor in children

Answer 24

Yolk sac tumor

Question 25

____ is characteristically present in yolk sac tumor

Answer 25

AFP

Question 26

What special histology feature can we find in yolk sac tumors

Answer 26

Schiller Duval bodies

Question 27

Schiller Duval bodies resemble

Answer 27

Glomeruli

Question 28

B-hCG comes from the ______________ cells

Answer 28

Synctiotrophoblasts

Question 29

hCG can activate which receptors

Answer 29

TSH-R and LH-R

Question 30

Do we get villi in choriocarcinoma?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Special feature regarding metastasis of choriocarcinoma

Answer 31

The cells like to invade blood vessels so early hematogenous spreading is very likely

Question 32

Teratoma is benign/malignant in males

Answer 32

Malignant

Question 33

Teratoma is benign/malignant in females

Answer 33

Benign

Question 34

Leydig cells produces

Answer 34

Androgens

Question 35

Leydig cell tumor can cause

Answer 35

Precocious puberty | Gynecomastia in adults

Question 36

Sertoli cell tumor comprised of

Answer 36

Tubules

Question 37

Most common causes of acute prostatitis in young adults

Answer 37

C. Trachomatis | N. Gonorrhoeae

Question 38

Most common causes of acute prostatitis in elderly

Answer 38

E. Coli | Pseudomonas

Question 39

Where does BPH occurs

Answer 39

Periurethral zone of prostate

Question 40

Malignant proliferation of prostatic glands

Answer 40

Prostate adenocarcinoma

Question 41

What is the most common cancer in men

Answer 41

Prosthetic adenocarcinoma

Question 42

Most common location of prostate adenocarcinoma

Answer 42

Posterior periphery of the prostate

Question 43

PSA above ____ is worrying

Answer 43

>10ng/dL

Question 44

Nuclei in prostatic adenocarcinoma contains

Answer 44

Dark nucleoli | Looks like another nucleus

Question 45

Grading of prostate adenocarcinoma is based on which grading system

Answer 45

Gleason

Question 46

Gleason grading system is based on

Answer 46

Architecture

Question 47

Prostate adenocarcinoma commonly spreads to

Answer 47

Lumbar spine | Osteoblastic metastases