Gynecology (Pathoma) Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Describe what is Condyloma
A
Warty neoplasm of vulvar skin
2
Q
Condyloma is most commonly due to
A
HPV 6/11
3
Q
Condyloma is characterized by _____ change
A
Koilocytic
4
Q
What defines high risk or low risk HPV?
A
DNA Sequencing
5
Q
Low risk HPV
A
6
11
6
Q
High risk HPV
A
16
18
31
33
7
Q
Condyloma=
A
Warty neoplasm of squamous epithelium
8
Q
What is the major problem with high risk HPV?
A
Dysplasia
Carcinoma
9
Q
Thinning of epidermis and fibrosis of dermis are characteristics of
A
Leichen sclerosis
10
Q
Where can we usually see Leichen sclerosis
A
Postmenapausal women
11
Q
Hyperplasia of vulvar squamous Epit. are characteristics of
A
Leichen simplex chronicus
12
Q
Where do Vulvar carcinoma arise from
A
Squamous epithelium lining vulvula
13
Q
Vulvar carcinoma will present as
A
Leukoplakia
14
Q
Etiology of Vulvar carcinoma
A
HPV related/ non related
15
Q
What is the cause for vulvar carcinoma in non HPV related?
A
Long standing Leichen sclerosis
16
Q
Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis of vulva is called
A
Extramammary Paget disease
17
Q
Extramammary Paget disease presents as
A
Erythematous, Pruritic (Itching), Ulcerated skin
18
Q
Staining pattern of Extramammary Paget disease
A
PAS+
Keratin+
S100-
19
Q
Staining pattern of Melanoma
A
PAS-
Keratin-
S100+
20
Q
PAS staining is + when
A
The cell produces mucus
21
Q
Which cell produces mucus
A
Epithelial cell
22
Q
Lower 2/3 epit of the canal i derived from
A
UroGenital Sinus
23
Q
Upper 1/3 of the canal s derived from
A
Mullerian duct
24
Q
In embrio: Upper 1/3 of canal is made of ___ cells
A
Columnar
25
In embrio: Lower 2/3 of canal is made of ___ cells
Squamous
26
In adult, all of the canal is made of ____ cells
Squaous cells
27
Focal persistance of columnar epit. in the upper 1/3 of the canal is called
Adenosis
28
DES-associated Adenosis can lead to
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
29
Malignant mesenchymal proliferation of immature skeletal muscle is also called
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
30
Presentation of Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Grape like mass protruting from penis/vagina
31
Vaginal carcinoma will arise from
Squamous epit. lining the vaginal mucosa
32
Precursor lesion of vaginal carcinoma is called
Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
33
Cancer from lower 2/3 of vagina will spread to
Inguinal nodes
34
Cancer from upper 1/3 of vagina will spread to
Regional iliac nodes
35
Exocervix is lined by
Squamous epit
36
Endocervix is lined by
Columnar cells
37
______ zone is located btw. Endo and Exo cervix
Transformation
38
High risk HPV produces _______
2 proteins- E6, E7
39
E6=
Increases destruction of p53
40
E7=
Increases destruction of Retino Blastoma
41
CIN=
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
42
Can CIN regress?
Yes
43
Cervical carcinoma presents as _______ (symptom)
Vaginal bleeding
44
Secondary risk factors for cervical carcinoma
Smoking
| Immunodeficiency
45
Subtypes of cervical carcinoma (Think about the parts of the cervix)
Squamous cell carcinoma
| Adenocarcinoma
46
Pap smear has limited efficiency in screening for
Adenocarcinoma
47
Endometrium grows with what hormone
Estrogen
48
Secretory phase happens with what hormone
Progesterone
49
Loss of basalis and scarring happens in which syndrome
Asherman syndrome
50
Basalis layer=
Regenerative layer of the endometrium
51
Lack of ovulation=
Anovulatory cycle
52
Acute emdometrisis happens usually due to
```
Retained products (after delivery)
נגיד נשאר חלק מהפלסנטה בפנים
```
53
Chronic inflammation of endometrium characterized by present of
Plasma cells
54
Hyperplastic protrusion of endometrium=
Endometrial polyp
55
Endometriosis is defined by
Endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine endometrial lining
56
Most common site of involvement in endometriosis
Ovary- Chocolate pain
57
Involvement of uterine myometrium in endometriosis is called
Adenomyosis
58
Describe endometrial hyperplasia
Hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to stroma
59
What is the cause of endometrial hyperplasia?
Estrogen that is not followed by Progesterone
60
Define endometrial carcinoma
Malignant proliferation of endometrial glands
61
Endometrial carcinoma is due to 2 sequences
1. Endometrial hyperplasia
| 2. Sporadic
62
Sporadic endometrial carcinoma is due to
A
63
Where can we most commonly find Psammoma bodies?
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Meningioma
Endometrial carcinoma
64
Benign proliferation of smooth muscle arising from the mtometrium
Leiomyoma
65
Leiomyoma is related to
Estrogen exposure
66
Lesions of Leiomyoma are one/multiple
Multiple
67
Leiomyosarcoma is usually multiple/one lesion
One
68
Can leiomyoma become leiomyosarcoma?
No! Arise denovo
69
Benign proliferation of smooth muscle arising from the mtometrium
Leiomyoma
70
Leiomyoma is related to
Estrogen exposure
71
Lesions of Leiomyoma are one/multiple
Multiple
72
Leiomyosarcoma is usually multiple/one lesion
One
73
Can leiomyoma become leiomyosarcoma?
No! Arise denovo
74
What is the functional unit of the ovary
Follicle
75
Follicle consist of
Oocyte
Granulosa cells
Theca cells
76
Corpus luteum produces
Progesterone
77
Degeneration of follicle can result in
Follicular cysts
78
Name of disease when there are multiple follicular cysts
PCOD
79
PCOD happens due to
Hormone imbalance
80
Describe hormone imbalance in PCOD
LH/FSH>2
Increased LH
81
In respond to LH theca cells will produce
Androgens
82
Classic presentation of PCOD
Obese women
Infertility
Hirstuism
Oligomenorrhea
83
High circulating estrone levels increase the risk for
Endometrial carcinoma
84
3 types of tumor of the ovary
Germ cell tumor
Sex cord stroma tumor
Surface epithelium tumor
85
2 most common types of surface epithelial (ovarian) tumor
| And the 2 other less common
1. Serous
2. Mucinous
3. Endometrioid
4. Brenner tumor
86
Benign tumors of surface epit. Of the ovary are called
Cystadenoma
87
Who has an increase risk for serous carcinoma of ovary and fallopian tube?
BRCA1 mutation carriers
88
Brenner tumor are nests of __________ cells
Urothelial
89
Female btw. 15-30 presents with ovarian tumor. Which type of tumor is it most likely?
Germ cell tumor
90
5 key germ cell carcinomas
```
Cystic teratoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Dysgerminoma
Endodermal sinus tumor
Choriocarcinoma
```
91
Cystic teratoma are benign or malignant
Benign
92
Often, immature teratoma contains what tissue
Neuroectoderm
93
Name of teratoma that is mostly composed of Thyroid tissue
Struma ovarii
94
Stroma ovarii can lead to
Hyperthyroidism (Due to the thyroid tissue in the tumor)
95
Ovary tumor of germ cell origin
Cystic Teratoma
| Dysgerminoma
96
Most common benign germ cell tumor
Cystic teratoma
97
Most common malignant germ cell tumor
Dysgerminoma
98
Yolk sac origin tumor
Endodermal sinus tumor
99
What is the most common germ cell tumor in children
Endodermal sinus tumor
100
Serum _____ is often elevated inEndodermal sinus tumor
AFP (alpha fetal protein)
101
Special feature seen in histology in case of Endodermal sinus tumor
Schiller-Duval bodies
102
Schiller-Duval bodies resemble
Glomeruly
103
Malignant proliferation of placenta like tissue is called
Choriocarcinoma
104
Choriocarcinoma is composed of
Trophoblasts and villi are absent
105
Choriocarcinoma have good/poor respons to chemoteraphy
Poor
106
Sex cord stromal cells arise from
Theca or Granulosa cells
107
Granulosa-Theca cell tumor will produce excess
Estrogen
108
Fibroma which is associated with pleural effusion and ascites is called
Meigs disease
109
Two classic examples of tumors that send metastasis to the ovaries
Krukenberg tumor
| Pseudomyxoma peritonei
110
Most common site of ectopic pregnancy
Lumen of fallopian tube
111
Key risk factor for ectopic pregnancy
Scarring (can be due to PID)
112
Spontaneous abortion are most commonly associated to
Chromosomal anomalies
113
Implantation of the placenta in lower uterine segment is called
Placenta previa
114
Placental abruption means
Separation of placenta from decidua prior to delivery
115
Preeclampsia=
Pregnancy induced HTN, proteinuria, edema
116
Pregnancy induced HTN, proteinuria, edema is called
Preeclampsia
117
Preeclampsia is due to
Abnormality of maternal-fetal vascular interface in placenta
118
Preeclampsia with seizures is called
Eclampsia
119
Preeclampsia with thrombotic microangiopathy involving liver is called
Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low PLT
| HELLP
120
Abnormal conception (only placenta and no fetus) =
Hydatidiform mole
