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Pharmacology Exam > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Fludrocortisone

A
  • Mineralcorticoid- reabsorbs Na while excreting H+ and K+
  • Addison’s dz/ adrenal insufficiency
  • AE- hypokalemia, HF
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2
Q

Dexamethasone

A
  • Glucocorticoid

- Pill- strongest steroid- 30x more than hydrocortisone and 3x more than prednisone, longest half life

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3
Q

Prednisone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Pill- 4x stronger than hydrocortisone, 1.5-3x longer half life

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4
Q

Methylprednisolone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Pill

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5
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Pill

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6
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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7
Q

Mometasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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8
Q

Beclomthasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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9
Q

Budesonide

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Oral/Nasal Spray

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10
Q

Clobetasol

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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11
Q

Fluocinonide

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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12
Q

Mometasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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13
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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14
Q

Triamcinolone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid
  • Topical
  • Also nasal spray
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15
Q

Hydrocortisone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Topical

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16
Q

Pregnenelone

A
  • Glucocoirticoid

- Precursor of progestogens, mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens

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17
Q

Estrone

A
  • E1- Estrogen
  • Natural and available as bioidentical- E1/2/3
  • Post-menopause (stored in adipose) and for cancer (ovary, testes, adrenals), 1/3 as strong as E2
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18
Q

Estradiol

A
  • E2- Estrogen
  • Natural and available as bioidentical- E1/2/3
  • Strongest estrogen, most prevalent outside of pregnancy
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19
Q

Estrial

A
  • E3- Estrogen
  • Natural and available as bioidentical- E1/2/3
  • Weakest estrogen, considered protective, highest in pregnancy
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20
Q

Ethinyl estradiol

A
  • Estrogen

- only estrogen used in OCPs, use lowest effective dose to avoid DVT

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21
Q

Conjugated estrogens

A
  • Premarin- Pregnant mare’s urine
  • Cream- Estrace
  • Pregnancy category X
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22
Q

Progesterone

A
  • Progestin- Prometrium (in peanut oil)
  • Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in combo with E, abnormal bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
  • AE- bloating, migraine, wt change
  • CI- unk AUB, hx brain Ca, Active DVT/PE, LV impairment
  • BLACK BOX- CV disorders, brain Ca, dementia.
  • Pregnancy category X
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23
Q

Metroxyprogesterone acetate

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Progestin- Prometrium (in peanut oil)
  • Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia in combo with E, abnormal bleeding, secondary amenorrhea
  • AE- bloating, migraine, wt change
  • CI- unk AUB, hx brain Ca, Active DVT/PE, LV impairment
  • BLACK BOX- CV disorders, brain Ca, dementia.
  • Pregnancy category X
24
Q

Levonorgesterel

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Progestin

- IUD, morning after pill

25
Norethindrone
- Progestin | - Used in alone or in combo with EE for OCP or menopausal agent
26
Drospirenone/ ethinyl estradiol
- Estrogen/ Progesterone combo - Pregnancy prevention - CI smokers esp >35, GB dz - AE many nutrient depletions - BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia - Pregnancy category X
27
Norethindrone/ ethinyl estradiol
- Estrogen/ Progesterone combo - Pregnancy prevention - CI smokers esp >35, GB dz - AE many nutrient depletions - BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia - Pregnancy category X
28
Norgestimate/ thinyl estradiol
- Estrogen/ Progesterone combo - Pregnancy prevention - CI smokers esp >35, GB dz - AE many nutrient depletions - BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia - Pregnancy category X
29
Norelgestramin/ ethinyl estradiol
- 5 sylables- PATCH - Estrogen/ Progesterone combo - Pregnancy prevention - CI smokers esp >35, GB dz - AE many nutrient depletions - BLACK BOX- stroke, MI, PE, DVT, BrCa, Dementia - Pregnancy category X
30
Clomiphene
- Ovulatory stimulant - Infertility- esp PCOS, all forms of amenorhea - BLACK BOX- ovarian hyperstimulation, hepatic dysfunction
31
DHEA
- Androgen - Can act as neutrosteroid, precursor to E and T - BLACK BOX- pelcsis hepatis (blood filled cysts), liver cell tumors
32
Testosterone
- Androgen - Primary or hypogonadotroic hypogondism, orchidectomy, plasma T<3ng/ml, many rountes of admin, anabolic, increases EPO, BPH - BLACK BOX- pelcsis hepatis (blood filled cysts), liver cell tumors
33
Insulin/ regular
- Hyperglycemia - DM1 - Fast acting
34
insulin/ lispro
- Hyperglycemia - DM1 - VERY fast acting
35
Insulin/ glargine
- Hyperglycemia - DM1 - Basal, long acting
36
Glucagon
- Hypoglycemia - DM1 - Rescue of hypoglycemia - CI- pheachromocytoma
37
Desmopressin
- Modified arginine casopressin (ADH) - Lowers urine volume - Diabetes insipidus - AE- hyponatremia
38
Oxytocin
- Induction of labor, post partum bleeding | - Pregnancy category X
39
Bromocryptine
- Prolactin blocker - DA receptor agonist - Hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, PD - AE- Hypotension, Raynauds
40
Somatropin
- Growth stimulation, HGH - Failure to thrive/ growth failure, HIV cachexia, short bowel syndrome - AE- Edema, H/A, hyperglycemia, URI, flu-like sx, pain, insomnia
41
Octreotide
- Growth inhibition, somatostatin analog, inhibits GH, glucagon, insulin, inhibits serotonin, gastrin - Acromegaly, carcinoid tumors, VIP tumors - SE- cardiac disturbance, GB sludge, dysglycemia
42
Lugol's solution
- Hyperthyroidism, Graves, toxic multinodular goiter if surgery not possible for sx control - High dose to enlarge thyroid prior to thyroidectomy
43
Methimazole
- Hyperthyroidism, Graves, toxic multinodular goiter if surgery not possible for sx control - inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis- safer than PTU except in pregnancy
44
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
- Hyperthyroidism, Graves, toxic multinodular goiter if surgery not possible for sx control - Preferred agent in thyroid storm, inhibits TOP and T4-3 conversion, safer for pregnancy - AE- life threatening hepatotoxicity
45
Liothyronine
- T3 - Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression - Pregnancy category A - CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
46
Levothyroxine
- T4 - Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression - Pregnancy category A - CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
47
Thyroid USP
- Armour, blend of T3 and 4 from dessicated pig thyroid - Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression - Pregnancy category A - CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
48
Lugols solution
- Low dose, elemental iodine and K iodide - Hypothyroidism and TSH pituitary suppression - Pregnancy category A - CI in subclinical hypothyroidism or overt thyrotoxicosis
49
Melatonin
- Pineal hormone - Circadian rhythm entrainment, free radical scavenger, antioxidant - Ca, depression, memory
50
Human chorionic gonadotropin hCG
- Placenta hormone - ovulation and infertility, increase sperm count, assist in testicular descent - Pregnancy category X
51
Metformin
- Oral hypoglycemic, DM2 - Decreases hepatic glucose production, reduces A1c - safe for kids - AE increased mortality, lactic acidosis, diarrhea - CI- kidney disease and metabolic acidosis.
52
Glyburide
- Oral hypoglycemic, DM2 - sulfonylurea, dtimulate insulin release, reduces A1c - AE- GI upset, photosensitivity - CI- DKA
53
Pioglitazone
- Oral hypoglycemic, DM2 - Thiazolidinedione, insulin sensitization at target tissues, decrease A1c - AE- HF, bladder Ca - CI - DM1 and or insulin use - BLACK BOX may cause or wrosen HF
54
Liraglutide
- Sub Q hypoglycemic, DM2 | - GlP1 agonist, increase insulin secretion, B cell growth, decrease glucagon and gastric emptying, A1c
55
Canagliflozin
- Oral hypoglycemic, DM2 - SGLUT 2 antagonist, reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose in prox renal tubules - AE GU infections
56
Sitagliptin
- DPP-4 inhibitor, prolongs active incretin levels for glucose regulation

Pharmacology Exam (12 decks)

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