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Pharmacology Exam > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

Donepezil

A
  • Anti- alzheimers- AchE inhibitors
  • Mild to severe alzheimers
  • symptom control
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2
Q

Rivastigmine

A
  • Anti- alzheimers- AchE inhibitors
  • Mild to severe alzheimers
  • dementia of AD and PD
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3
Q

Memantine

A
  • Anti- alzheimers- AchE inhibitors
  • Mild to severe alzheimers
  • Blocks NMDA glutamate receptors for mod to severe AD
  • Lewy body dementia
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4
Q

Levodopa/ Carbidopa

A
  • Dopamine precursor
  • Carbidopa- inhibits DOPA decarboxylase
  • Levodopa- substrate for DA synthesis, poor penetration into CNS bc of metabolism peripherally into DA
  • PD
  • sensitization develops over time, increased dyskenesias, rigidity
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5
Q

Pramipexole

A
  • Dopamine agonist
  • bind/activate postsynaptic DA receptors
  • less frequent dosing
  • PD
  • may cause excessive sedation
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6
Q

Bromocriptine

A
  • Dopamine agonist
  • PD and acromegally, pituitary tumors
  • major SE of pulmonary fibrosis
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7
Q

Benzotropine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • PD
  • similar to atropine or diphenhydramine
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8
Q

Scopalamine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • muscle spasticity or tremor
  • PD, IBS, motion sickness
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9
Q

Amantadine

A
  • Anticholinergic
  • antagonizes NMDA receptors leading to less excitatory action
  • treats levodopa induced dyskinesias late in disease
  • also treats influenza A
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10
Q

Glatiramer acetate

A
  • Immune modulator- suppresses T cells
  • relapsing/remitting MS
  • BLACK BOX hypersensitivity rxn, post injection rxn, CP, skin necrosis, interference with immune function
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11
Q

Fingolimod

A
  • Relapsing forms of MS
  • Block lymphocyte ability to emerge from lymph node, resulting in fewer leukocytes
  • DO NOT use with class 1 or 2 antiarrythmics
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12
Q

Interferon B1

A
  • Relapsing forms of MS
  • alters response to surface antigen, enhances immune cell activities
  • BLACK BOX hypo/hyperthyroidism, bone marrow suppression, flu sx, hepatic injury, neuropsych sx, thrombotic issues
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13
Q

Botulinum toxin

A
  • Inhibits Ach
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14
Q

Baclofen

A
  • MS- for muscle spasticity
  • DO NOT use with stroke, PD, CP
  • MUST TAPER
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15
Q

Tizanidine

A
  • MS- for muscle spasticity- alpha 2 agonist

- DO NOT use with stroke, PD, CP

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16
Q

Gabapentin

A
  • GABA analogue- inhibits Ca channels
  • Epilepsy
  • Hepatotoxicity, suicidal behavior
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17
Q

Pregabalin

A
  • GABA analogue- inhibits Ca channels
  • Epilepsy
  • Hepatotoxicity, suicidal behavior
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18
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  • Sodium channel blocker

- Bipolar 1

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19
Q

Phenytoin

A
  • Sodium channel blocker
  • tonic/clinic sz, neuralgia, cardiac glycoside induced arrhythmia
  • MANY drug interactions
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20
Q

Diazepam

A
  • Benzo- potentiates GABA
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21
Q

Valproate

A
  • Possibly GABA related MOA
  • Epilepsy, migraine, mania
  • birth defects, SI
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22
Q

Topiramate

A
  • Possibly enhances GABA, blocks Na channels
  • fetal tox, SI, sudden death
  • epilepsy
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23
Q

Lamotrigine

A
  • Possibly inhibits Na
  • epilepsy, bipolar 1
  • SI, sudden death
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24
Q

Gabapentin

A
  • Ca channel blocker

- nerve pain

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25
Pregabalin
- Ca channel blocker | - nerve pain
26
Sumatriptan
- Serotonin receptor agonist- vasoconstrict - migraine - CI- CVD, HTN, PAD, arrhythmia, TIA, MAOI, LV impairment
27
Botulinum tosin
- Blocks Ach release
28
Valproate
- possibly inhibits GABA | - migraine, epilepsy, bipolar 1
29
Topiramate
- Possibly inhibits Na, GABA | - Migraine
30
Bupivacaine
- Amide anesthetic- nerve block - local/regional - Pregnancy B- safer than procaine
31
Lidocaine
- Amide anesthetic- nerve block - local/regional - Pregnancy B- safer than procaine
32
Procaine
- Amide anesthetic- nerve block | - SPINAL, NO topical effect
33
Ketamine
- Amide anesthetic- nerve block - General- blocks NMDA receptors - Pregnancy B - BLACK BOX hallucinations, psych sx
34
Diphenhydramine
- 1st gen antihistamines - somnorific, N/V, allergies - anticholinergic working on vestibular nucleus - BLACK BOX do not use with obstructions
35
Hydroxyzine
- 1st gen antihistamines - somnorific, N/V, allergies - anticholinergic working on vestibular nucleus - BLACK BOX do not use with obstructions
36
Promethazine
- 1st gen antihistamines - somnorific, N/V, allergies - anticholinergic working on vestibular nucleus - BLACK BOX do not use with obstructions
37
Zolpidem
- Non- BENZO hypnotic- interacts with GABA- B2 receptors - AE- perform complex natural behaviors while asleep- may also kill your family and eat your cats- AMBIEN
38
Lamotrigine
- Anti- convulsant - Decrease Na - SI
39
Valproate
- Anti- convulsant - Increase GABA - SI
40
Carbamazepine
- Anti- convulsant - Decrease Na - SI
41
Rispiridone
- Atypical antipsychotic
42
Aripiprazole
- Atypical antipsychotic
43
Quetrapine
- Atypical antipsychotic
44
Lithium
- Narrow window- monitor blood levels - Antipsychotic - DO NOT restrict Na intake
45
Haloperidol
- Classical antipsychotic- 1st gen "neuroleptics" - D2 antagonists- more side effects, but less metabolic risk - anticholinergic - QT prolonged
46
Phenothiazines
- Classical antipsychotic- 1st gen "neuroleptics" - D2 antagonists- more side effects, but less metabolic risk - used for N/V - BLACK BOX increase in mortality with elderly with dementia or related psychosis
47
Risperidone
- Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk - schiz, mania, irritability in autism
48
Quetiapine
- Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk - schiz, mania
49
Ariprprazole
- Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk - schiz, mania/ mixed episodes in bipolar 1, tourettes, irritibility in autism - anticholinergic sx, QT prolong - BLACK MOB increase in mortality in elderly with dementia and related psychosis
50
Clozapine
- Atypical anti-psychotics- 2nd gen- primarily serotonin and DA antagonists, fewer side effects but more metabolic risk - schiz that is tx resistant, SI risk reduction - GET neutrophil count before initiating - MUST TAPER - BLACK BOX increase in mortality in elderly with dementia and related psychosis, severe neutropenia, orthostatic BP, bradycardia, syncope, sz, cardiomyopathy
51
Phenelzine
- MAO inhibitor- accumulation of EPI, NE, DA, serotonin in synaptic cleft - Depression- used when other meds hav failed
52
Amitriptyline
- Tricyclic antidepressant- nonspecific inhibition of catecholamine reuptake - do not use with other anti-depressants
53
Mirtazapine
-tetracyclic antidepressant- NE and serotonin potentiation
54
Buproprion
- Atypical antidepressant - NE, serotonin, DA reuptake inhibitor - CI- Sz and eating d/o
55
Trazadone
- Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor | - Depression
56
Fluoxetine
- SSRI - MDD, panic d/o, OCD, bulimia, PMDD - DO NOT use with most other antidepressants
57
Escitalopram
- SSRI | - MDD, GAD
58
Paroxetine
- SSRI - MDD, social anxiety, OCD, panic, GAD, PTSD - Serotonin syndrome
59
Duloxetine
- SNRI | - MDD, GAD, DM neuopathy, chronic MSK pain
60
Venlafaxine
- SNRI - MDD - Hepatoxicicity - DO NOT use with angle closure glaucoma and sz
61
Alrazolam
- Benzo- enhance GABA - Panic and anxiety d/o - short acting
62
Diazepam
- Benzo- enhance GABA - Panic and anxiety d/o, muscle relaxant, alcohol withdrawal - long acting
63
Buspirone
- Non benzo anxiety med - non addictive - AE- hostility - Pregnancy B
64
Dextramphetamine
- CNS stimulant - anorexia/ Wt loss - fatigue, ADHD, narcolepsy, tx resistant depression
65
Phentermine
- CNS stimulant - anorexia/ Wt loss - Pregnancy X
66
Dextroamphetamine
- CNS stimulant | - ADD/ADHD
67
Methylphenidate
- CNS stimulant | - ADD/ADHD
68
Atomoxatine
- CNS stimulant - ADD/ADHD - BLACK BOX SI in kids
69
Modatinil
- CNS stimulant | - Narcolepsy
70
Dextro/methylamphenamine
- CNS stimulant | - Narcolepsy
71
Caffeine
- CNS stimulant | - increases cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, Increases NE, Vasoconstriction
72
Cocaine
- CNS stimulant | - blocks reuptake of serotonin, NE, DA, EPi, increased NE means more adrenergic effects. shympathomimetic
73
Ketamine
- Hallucinogen- blocks NMDA | - General/ topical anesthetic
74
Cannabis
- Hallucinogen | - glaucoma, anorexia/cachexia, N/V, MS, pain, PD
75
Buproprion
- Smoking cessation
76
Nicotine
- Smoking cessation
77
Varenicline
- Smoking cessation | - BLACK BOX CNS depression, hypersensitivity, SI, somnabulism, CV event, sz

Pharmacology Exam (12 decks)

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