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Endocrinology > Endocrine HPI/PE > Flashcards

Endocrine HPI/PE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is adrenarche?

A

Onset of androgen-dependent body changes such as growth of axillary and pubic hair, body, body odor, and acne

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2
Q

What is acral?

A

Pertaining to peripheral body parts such of fingers and toes

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3
Q

What is Acrochordon?

A

Skin tags

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4
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • Common skin pigmentation
  • thick velvety texture
  • patches appear on armpits, groin, neck, elbow, knees, knuckles, or skin fold
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5
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans related to?

A
  • Insulin resistance (elevated insulin states)
  • Obesity
  • Acromegaly
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6
Q

What age is considered amenorrhea? and how many missed periods qualifies a pt for amenorrhea?

A
  • Girls who haven’t begun menstruation by age 15

- At least 3 missed periods

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7
Q

What are the causes for amenorrhea?

A
  • Pregnancy

- inability to regulate hormones

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8
Q

What is exopthalmosis?

A
  • Prominence of the eyes secondary to thyroid disease

- Hyperthyroidism (Graves dz)

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9
Q

What is proptosis?

A
  • Abnormal protrusion or displacement of an eye or other body parts due to all other causes
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10
Q

What is hirsutism? and what is it caused by?

A
  • Male pattern hair growth in women, on face chest and back

- Caused by: excess male hormones called androgens, primarily testosterone

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11
Q

When is menarche?

A

Onset of menstruation

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12
Q

What is precocious puberty? and what are the ages for girls and boys?

A

Early onset of puberty

  • 8 in girls
  • 9 in boys
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13
Q

What is pubarche?

A

Appearance of sexual hair

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14
Q

What is puberty?

A

Developmental stages during which secondary sexual characteristics appear

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15
Q

What is Thelarche?

A

Onset of female breast development

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16
Q

What is virilization?

A
  • Biological development of sex differences
  • Changes that make a male body diff from female body
  • These changes are produced by androgens
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17
Q

What is the challenge when completing an HPI for an endocrine problem?

A
  • a pt may harbor more than one endocrinopathy which could be overlooked if subtle historical and clinical cues are over looked
  • don’t be in a hurry w/ your hx
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18
Q

What does male development require?

A

Normal function of hypothalamic - testicular axis.

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19
Q

Amenorrhea is an important clue in the breakdown of what?

A

Hypothalamic - pituitary - ovarian axis

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20
Q

What is the diagnosis of too much growth hormones in an adult pt?

A

Acromegaly

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21
Q

Amenorrhea + galactorrhea w/ elevated prolactin levels suggest what?

A

Pituitary tumor

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22
Q

What are the steps of HPI?

A
  • Hx
  • PE
  • Labs
  • radiologic imaging
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23
Q

What are complaints of an older pt with hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Fatigue
  • weight loss
  • constipation
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24
Q

What are complaints of an younger pt with hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Overactivity
  • Nervousness
  • Jitteriness
  • Temperature intolerance
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25
What are sxs of hypothyroidism?
- Depression - Fatigue - Mild weight gain or difficulty loosing weight
26
What would indicate thyroiditis?
Recent viral illness presenting w/ trouble swallowing and tender thyroid
27
A female pt presenting with recurrent vaginal candidiasis or pt with recurrent UTI should be evaluated for what?
Diabetic evolution/work-up
28
Describe the onset of type 2 DM?
Gradually slower onset of sxs
29
What is the onset of type 1 DM and sxs?
Acute onset - blurred vision - Frequent infections - Non-healing ulcers - Numb or painful extremities
30
What are alimentary changes?
Changes to nutrition, digestion and absorption
31
Weight loss is d/t what?
- Thyrotoxicosis | - DM
32
Weight gain is d/t what?
- Cushings | - Hypothalamic dz
33
Appetite loss is d/t what?
Addisons
34
Appetite increase is d/t what?
Thyrotoxicosis
35
Diarrhea is d/t what?
- Hyperthyroidism | - Addisons
36
Constipation is d/t what?
- Hyperthyroidism | - Hypercalcemia
37
Polydipsia is d/t what?
- DM - Renal dz - Hypercalcemia
38
Pigmentation changes are d/t what?
- Hypopituitarism - Cushings - Addisons
39
Dryness is d/t what?
- Hypothyroidism | - Hypoparathyroidism
40
Sweating is d/t what?
- Hyperthyroidism - Pheochromocytoma - Acromegaly
41
Overgrowth is d/t what?
Acromegaly
42
Nervousness, irritability is d/t what?
Thyrotoxicosis
43
Fatigue is d/t what?
- Hypothyroid - DM - Addison's - Acromegaly
44
HA is d/t what?
Hypoglycemia
45
Seizures is d/t what?
Hypoglycemia
46
Visual loss is d/t what?
- Acromegaly | - DM
47
What are some causes of Rheumatoid changes?
- Short stature or Gigantism - Marfans - Kleinfelters - Acromegaly
48
What is polyuria d/t?
- DM - DI - Polydipsia
49
What is menstrual changes d/t?
- Polycystic ovary | - Pituitary dz
50
What is impotence d/t?
- Hyperprolactinemia - Hypogonadism - Acromegaly
51
What drug hx should be asked for endocrine HPI?
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - Thyroid drugs. - Diabetic drugs. - Prostate dz drugs. - Steroids.
52
Penguinoid habitus is associated with what?
Klinefelters
53
Tremors or Palmer erythema is a sign of what?
Hyperthyroid
54
Pigmentation of palmar crease is a sign of what?
Addison's
55
4th, 5th metacarpals shortened is a sign of what?
Pseudohypoparathryoid
56
Decreased quantities of hair, perioral and periorbital wrinkling is a sign of what
Hypogonadism.
57
Females with excessive hair, acne, male-pattern balding, central scalp hair loss is a sign of what?
Androgen excess.
58
Hypertension is a sign of what?
Cushing’s
59
Hypotension is a sign of what?
Addisons
60
A positive Trousseau's and / or Chvostek’s sign is sign of what?
- Hypocalcemia | - Hyperparathyroidism (elevated secretion of parathyroid hormone PTH)
61
Muscle weakness is a sign of what?
- Hypothyroid | - Cushing‘s
62
Axillary hair loss is a sign of what?
Hypopituitary
63
Skin tags are a sign of what?
Acromegaly
64
Moon face, Acne, oily skin is a sign of what?
Cushings
65
Hirsutism on face is a sign of what?
Panhypopituitary
66
Chin enlargement is a sign of what?
Acromegaly
67
Exophthalmos is a sign of what?
Hyperthyroidism
68
Occular fundus findings: cotton wool spots is a sign of what?
- DM | - Acromegaly
69
Buccal pigmentation is a sign of what?
Addisons
70
Tongue enlargement is a sign of what?
Acromegaly
71
A “buffalo hump”, palpate supraclavicular fat pads, striae, disproportionate abdominal fat is a sign of what?
Cushings
72
When doing a PE of the thyroid you are inspecting for what?
A Goiter
73
Pigmented nipples is a sign of what?
Addisons
74
Loss, gain of chest hair is a sign of what?
Hypogonadism
75
Male gynecomastia is a sign of what?
Cushings
76
Reduced female breast size is a sign of what?
Panhypopituitary
77
During PE you inspect the genitalia for what?
- Atrophy | - Virilization
78
During PE you inspect the legs for what?
- Peripheral neuropathy (DM). - Dry and brittle nails - Toenails and foot showing same symptoms as fingernails and hands.

Endocrinology (18 decks)

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