Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE > Endocrine - Pharmacology > Flashcards

Endocrine - Pharmacology Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pharmacologic drug: Lispro

A

Rapid-acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is regular insulin short or long acting?

A

Short acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharmacologic drug: NPH

A

Intermediate acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pharmacologic drug: Glargine

A

Long acting insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Insulin: Mechanism of Action

A

Binds insulin receptor (RTK activity) Increases liver glucose storage as glycogen, muscle glycogen synthesis and protein snthesis; K+ uptake Increase TG storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulin: Clinical Use

A

Type 1 and 2 DM Gestational diabetes Life-threatening hyperkalemia Stress-induced hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insulin: Toxicity

A

Hypoglycemia, very rarely hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Metformin: Mechanism of Action

A

Biguanide Decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis, increase peripheral glucose uptake (insulin sensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metformin: Clinical Use

A

First-line therapy in Type 2 DM (oral) Can be used in patients without islet function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metformin: Toxicities

A

GI upset Lactic acidosis (contraindicated in renal failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharmacologic drug: Tolbutamide

A

1st generation sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pharmacologic drug: Glyburide

A

Second generation sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sulfonylureas: Mechanism of Action

A

Close K+ channel in beta-cell membrane -> increase Ca2+ influx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sulfonylureas: Clinical Use

A

Stimulate release of endogenous insulin in type 2 DM Requires some islet functions (not for DMI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sulfonylureas: Toxicities

A

First generation: disulfiram-like Second generation: hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharmacologic drug: Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thiazolidinediones: Mechanism of Action

A

Increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue Binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thiazolidinediones: Clinical Use

A

Monotherapy in type 2 DM or combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thiazolidinediones: Toxicities

A

Weight gain, edema Hepatotoxicity Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pharmacologic drug: Acarbose

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Mechanism of action

A

Inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases Delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption -> decrease postprandial hyperglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Clinical Use

A

Monotherapy in type 2 DM or in combination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Toxicities

A

GI disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the amylin analog?

A

Pramlintide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Amylin analog (Pramlintide): Mechanism of action
Decreases glucagon
26
Amylin analog (Pramlintide): Clinical use
Type 1 and 2 DM
27
Amylin analog (Pramlintide): Toxicities
Hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea
28
Pharmacologic drug: Exenatide
GLP-1 analog
29
GLP-1 analogs: Mechanism of action
increase insulin, decrease glucagon release
30
GLP-1 analogs: Clinical use
Type 2 DM
31
GLP-1 analogs: Toxicities
Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis
32
Pharmacologic drugs: Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitors
33
DPP-4 inhibitors: Mechanism of action
Increases insulin, decrease glucagon release
34
DPP-4 inhibitors: Clinical use
Type 2 DM
35
DPP-4 inhibitors: Toxicities
Mild urinary or respiratory infections
36
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole: Mechanism of action
Block peroxidase (inhibit organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis) PTU also blocks 5'-deiodinase (decrease peripheral conversion of T4 to T3)
37
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole: Clinical use
hyperthyroidism
38
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole: Toxicity
Skin rash Agranulocytosis (rare) Aplastic anemia Hepatotoxicity (PTU) Possible teratogen (methimazole)
39
Levothyroxine, Triiodothyronine: Mechanism of action
Thyroxine replacement
40
Levothyroxine, Triiodothyronine: Clinical use
Hypothyroidism, myxedema
41
Levothyroxine, Triiodothyronine: Toxicity
Tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias
42
GH: Clinical use
GH deficiencies, Turner syndrome
43
Somatostatin (Octreotide): Clinical use
Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices
44
Oxytocin: Clinical use
Stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down Controls uterine hemorrhage
45
ADH (Desmopressin): Clinical use
pituitary (central, not nephrogenic) DI
46
Demeclocycline: mechanism of action
ADH antagonist (member of the tetracycline family)
47
Demeclocycline: Clinical use
SIADH
48
Demeclocycline: Toxicity
Nephrogenic DI Photosensitivity Abnormalities of bone and teeth
49
Pharmacologic drugs: hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone
Glucocorticoid
50
Glucocorticoids: Mechanism of action
Decrease production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX-2
51
Glucocorticoids: Clinical use
Addison's disease Inflammation Immune suppression Asthma
52
Glucocorticoids: Toxicity
Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome Adrenal insufficiency when drug stopped abruptly after chronic use
53
Pharmacologi drug triamcinolone
Glucocorticoid
54
Pharmacologic drug: Aspart
Rapid-acting insulin
55
Pharmacologic drug: Glulisine
Rapid acting insulin
56
Pharmacologic drug: Chlorpropamide
First generation sulfonylurea
57
Pharmacologic drug: Glimepiride
Second generation sulfonylurea
58
Pharmacologic drug: Glipizide
2nd generation sulfonylurea
59
Pharmacologic drug: Rosiglitazone
2nd generation sulfonylurea
60
Pharmacologic drug: Miglitol
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
61
Pharmacologic Drug: Liraglutide
GLP-1 analog
62
Pharmacologic drug: Detemir
Long acting insulin

USMLE (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions