Endocrine system

Question 1

Positive Feedback

Answer 1

Process by which a hormone acts to directly or indirectly cause increased secretion of a hormone

Question 2

Negative Feedback

Answer 2

Process by which a hormone acts to directly or indirectly inhibit further secretion of the hormone of interest

Question 3

Thyroxine

Answer 3

Hormone that stimulates metabolic activities

Produced by parafollicular cells of the thyroid

Question 4

Calcitonin

Answer 4

Hormone that lowers blood Calcium
Works antagonistically to PTH
Produced by thyroid

Question 5

Two Thyroid Hormones

Answer 5

Calcitonin and Thyroxine

Question 6

Testosterone

Answer 6

Hormone that stimulates sex characteristics in men

Secreted in the testes

Question 7

Estrogen

Answer 7

Secreted in ovaries
Induces release of LH in menstrual cycle
With progresterone, helps maintain the endometrium during pregnancy

Question 8

Progresterone

Answer 8

Hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and pregnancy

Question 9

Three Main Sex Hormones

Answer 9

Progresterone, Estrogen and Testosterone

Question 10

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Answer 10

Increases serum concentrations of calcium
Targets SKELETON - cause digestion of bone matrix and release of calcium. KIDNEYS- causes increased reabsorption of Ca from the forming urine and returns it to the blood. SMALL INTESTINE- cause increased absorption of Ca by the intesitinal mucosal cells

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

Hormone that stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose
Raises blood sugar
Produced by pancreas

Question 12

Insulin

Answer 12

Hormone that is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels to promote glycogen formation
Lowers blood sugar
Produced by pancreas

Question 13

Two Hormones of the Pancreas

Answer 13

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 14

Epinephrine

Answer 14

Hormone that raises blood glucose level, increases metabolic activity
Produced by the adrenal gland

Question 15

Cortisol

Answer 15

Distress hormone released in responses to physiological challenges
Produced by the adrenal gland

Question 16

Three Hormones of the Adrenal Gland

Answer 16

Cortisol, Aldosterone and Epinephrine

Question 17

Oxytocin

Answer 17

Hormone that stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection for breast-feeding
Produced by posterior pituitary

Question 18

ADH

Answer 18

Stimulates reabsorption of water by the collecting ducts of the nephron
Produced by posterior pituitary
Increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water, leading to more concentrated urine

Question 19

Two Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary

Answer 19

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 20

Prolactin

Answer 20

Hormone that controls lactogenesis- production of milk by the breasts
Decreases the synthesis and real ease of GnRH- inhibiting ovulation
Produced by anterior pituitary

Question 21

ACTH

Answer 21

Stimulates the secretion of adrenal cordical hormones, which work to maintain electrolytic homeostasis in the body
Produced by anterior pituitary
Released corticosteroid hormones like glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

Question 22

STH

Answer 22

Somatotropic hormone (HGH)
Stimulates protein synthesis and general growth in the body
Produced by anterior pituitary

Question 23

TSH

Answer 23

Thyroid- stimulating hormone
Works to stimulate the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, which in turn regulate the rate of metabolism in the body
Produced by anterior pituitary

Question 24

LH

Answer 24

Luteinizing hormone
Gonadotropin that stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum
Stimulates synthesis of estrogen and progesterone
Produced by anterior pituitary

Question 25

FSH

Answer 25

Follicle-stimulating hormone Gonadotropin that stimulates activities of the testes and ovaries In females, it induces the development of the ovarian follicle, which leads to the production and secretion of estrogen Produced by anterior pituitary

Question 26

Six Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 26

FSH, LH, TSH, STH (HGH), ACTH and prolactin

Question 27

Aldosterone

Answer 27

Produced in the adrenal gland. | Acts on the distal tubules to cause the reabsorption of more Na+ and water to increase blood volume and pressure

Question 28

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 28

Stimulates most body cells to increase in size and divide. Its major targets are the bones and skeletal muscles. Induces glucose. GH release is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus which stimulates or inhibits its release.

Question 29

Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex

Answer 29

Zona glomerulosa - produces mineralcorticoids which help control the balance of minerals and water in the blood Zona fasciculata -secretes the metabolic hormones called glococorticoids Zona reticularis - secretes the glococorticoids and small amounts of adrenal sex hormones or gonadocorticoids

Question 30

Glococorticoids

Answer 30

Preventing shift of water into tissue cells. | Main function is to help the body with long term response to stress like infection and trauma

Question 31

Mineralocortioids

Answer 31

Decreases the excretion of Na from the body. K is excreted H2O is retained.

Question 32

Gonadocorticoids

Answer 32

Produce testosterone similar functions as gonads