Endocrine system

Question 1

What are the main cells of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Epithelial cells

Question 2

The chemical signal in the nervous system is a neurostransmitter. What is the chemical signal in the endocrine system?

Answer 2

Hormone

Question 3

What do hormones bind to to cause effect?

Answer 3

Receptors on the target cell?

Question 4

Where is adrenaline released from?

Answer 4

Adrenal gland

Question 5

What does epinephrine hormone cause?

Answer 5

Increased heart rate
Vasodilation
Increased BP
Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 6

What does norepinephrine cause?

Answer 6

Heart rate increased
Vasoconstriction
Increased BP
little effect on blood glucose

Question 7

What is the adrenal cortex?

Answer 7

Outer part of adrenal gland

Question 8

What is adrenal medulla?

Answer 8

Inner part of adrenal gland

Question 9

Main hormones from adrenal cortex?

Answer 9

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Question 10

How do hormones travel?

Answer 10

Via the bloodstream

Question 11

Aldosterone purpose

Answer 11

Helps regular concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and secreting potassium ions

Question 12

Cortisol purpose

Answer 12

Decreases proteins synthesis, increases fatty acid release and stimulates glucose synthesis from non carbohydrates

Question 13

Adrenal and androgens purpose

Answer 13

Supplement sex hormones from the gonads, May be converted to estrogens in females

Question 14

What does negative feedback control in the endocrine system?

Answer 14

Controls insulin secretion based on blood glucose concentration

Question 15

Hormones secreted by pituitary gland

Answer 15

Oxytocin
ADH-kidney water retention
Growth hormone
Prolactin- milk production and secretion 
FSH- production of ova and sperm
LH- stimulates ovaries and testes

Question 16

Thyroid gland hormones

Answer 16

Triiodothyronine &Thyroxine
=stimulate metabolic processes
Calcitonin-lowers calcium blood conc

Question 17

Parathyroid gland hormones

Answer 17

Parathyroid hormone- raises calcium blood conc

Question 18

Purpose of insulin

Where is it secreted from

Answer 18

Lowers blood glucose

Pancreas

Question 19

Glucagon purpose

Where is it secreted from

Answer 19

Raises blood glucose

Pancreas

Question 20

Epinephrine and norepinephrine purpose

Where secreted from

Answer 20

Raise blood glucose level
Increase metabolic activities
Constrict blood vessels
Adrenal medulla

Question 21

Glucocorticoids purpose

Where secreted from

Answer 21

Raise blood glucose

Adrenal cortex

Question 22

Androgens function

Where secreted from

Answer 22

Supports sperm formation

Testes

Question 23

Estrogens purpose

Where secreted from

Answer 23

Stimulate growth of uterine lining

Ovaries

Question 24

Melatonin purpose

Where secreted from

Answer 24

Biological rhythms

Pineal gland

Question 25

What 4 chemical classes of hormone are there?

Answer 25

Steroid Protein Peptide Amine

Question 26

When blood glucose is high how does negative feedback work?

Answer 26

Pancreatic Beta cells release insulin which converts glucose to glycogen which lowers blood glucose

Question 27

Term for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Answer 27

Glycogenolysis

Question 28

Term for the synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrates

Answer 28

Gluconeogenesis

Question 29

Term for the conversion of glucose into glycogen

Answer 29

Glycogenesis

Question 30

Which conversion process for glucose occurs when blood sugar is high?

Answer 30

Glycogenesis

Question 31

Which conversion processes for glucose occur when blood sugar is low?

Answer 31

Gluconeogenesis | Glycogenolysis

Question 32

Which hormone acts when blood sugar is low? | Secreted from where?

Answer 32

Glucagon | Alpha cells in pancreas

Question 33

Which hormone acts when blood sugar is high? | Secreted from where?

Answer 33

Insulin | Beta cells of pancreas

Question 34

3 glands in brain

Answer 34

Pituitary gland Pineal gland Hypothalamus

Question 35

Difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

Answer 35

Endocrine glands release chemical substances directly into the bloodstream Exocrine gland release chemical substances through ducts to outside the body or another surface in the body

Question 36

Prostoglandin

Answer 36

Fatty acids with hormone-like effects

Question 37

Difference between hormones and prostaglandins

Answer 37

Hormones secreted from glands, prostaglandins aren’t Hormones work on specific parts of the body and travel there via blood Prostaglandins are produced at sites of tissue damage to help healing, work where they are produced

Question 38

Where are releasing hormones produced?

Answer 38

Hypothalamus

Question 39

The pituitary gland is divided into two sections called

Answer 39

Anterior pituitary gland | Posterior pituitary gland

Question 40

Anterior vs posterior pituitary gland

Answer 40

Posterior pituitary gland doesn’t produces its own hormones it just stores and releases hormones created by the hypothalamus Anterior pituitary gland produces and secretes it’s own hormones

Question 41

Pituitary gland divided in half Right side = Left side=

Answer 41

Right side =posterior pituitary gland | Left side= anterior pituitary gland

Question 42

Location and structure of thyroid gland

Answer 42

Below the Adam’s apple in the neck | Butterfly shaped

Question 43

Where is the pancreas located | What is its structure?

Answer 43

At the back of the abdomen behind the stomach. | It is connected to the small intestine by a small tube called the pancreatic duct

Question 44

Hormones produced in the hypothalamus are often stored in the ______ or the ________

Answer 44

Posterior pituitary gland | Anterior pituitary gland

Question 45

The stimuli of hormone release are

Answer 45

Humoral Neural hormonal