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Biology > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main cells of the endocrine system?

A

Epithelial cells

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2
Q

The chemical signal in the nervous system is a neurostransmitter. What is the chemical signal in the endocrine system?

A

Hormone

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3
Q

What do hormones bind to to cause effect?

A

Receptors on the target cell?

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4
Q

Where is adrenaline released from?

A

Adrenal gland

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5
Q

What does epinephrine hormone cause?

A

Increased heart rate
Vasodilation
Increased BP
Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose

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6
Q

What does norepinephrine cause?

A

Heart rate increased
Vasoconstriction
Increased BP
little effect on blood glucose

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7
Q

What is the adrenal cortex?

A

Outer part of adrenal gland

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8
Q

What is adrenal medulla?

A

Inner part of adrenal gland

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9
Q

Main hormones from adrenal cortex?

A

Cortisol

Aldosterone

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10
Q

How do hormones travel?

A

Via the bloodstream

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11
Q

Aldosterone purpose

A

Helps regular concentration of extracellular electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and secreting potassium ions

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12
Q

Cortisol purpose

A

Decreases proteins synthesis, increases fatty acid release and stimulates glucose synthesis from non carbohydrates

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13
Q

Adrenal and androgens purpose

A

Supplement sex hormones from the gonads, May be converted to estrogens in females

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14
Q

What does negative feedback control in the endocrine system?

A

Controls insulin secretion based on blood glucose concentration

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15
Q

Hormones secreted by pituitary gland

A 
Oxytocin
ADH-kidney water retention
Growth hormone
Prolactin- milk production and secretion 
FSH- production of ova and sperm
LH- stimulates ovaries and testes
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16
Q

Thyroid gland hormones

A

Triiodothyronine &Thyroxine
=stimulate metabolic processes
Calcitonin-lowers calcium blood conc

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17
Q

Parathyroid gland hormones

A

Parathyroid hormone- raises calcium blood conc

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18
Q

Purpose of insulin

Where is it secreted from

A

Lowers blood glucose

Pancreas

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19
Q

Glucagon purpose

Where is it secreted from

A

Raises blood glucose

Pancreas

20
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine purpose

Where secreted from

A

Raise blood glucose level
Increase metabolic activities
Constrict blood vessels
Adrenal medulla

21
Q

Glucocorticoids purpose

Where secreted from

A

Raise blood glucose

Adrenal cortex

22
Q

Androgens function

Where secreted from

A

Supports sperm formation

Testes

23
Q

Estrogens purpose

Where secreted from

A

Stimulate growth of uterine lining

Ovaries

24
Q

Melatonin purpose

Where secreted from

A

Biological rhythms

Pineal gland

25
Q

What 4 chemical classes of hormone are there?

A

Steroid
Protein
Peptide
Amine

26
Q

When blood glucose is high how does negative feedback work?

A

Pancreatic Beta cells release insulin which converts glucose to glycogen which lowers blood glucose

27
Q

Term for the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

28
Q

Term for the synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrates

A

Gluconeogenesis

29
Q

Term for the conversion of glucose into glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

30
Q

Which conversion process for glucose occurs when blood sugar is high?

A

Glycogenesis

31
Q

Which conversion processes for glucose occur when blood sugar is low?

A

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

32
Q

Which hormone acts when blood sugar is low?

Secreted from where?

A

Glucagon

Alpha cells in pancreas

33
Q

Which hormone acts when blood sugar is high?

Secreted from where?

A

Insulin

Beta cells of pancreas

34
Q

3 glands in brain

A

Pituitary gland
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus

35
Q

Difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

A

Endocrine glands release chemical substances directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine gland release chemical substances through ducts to outside the body or another surface in the body

36
Q

Prostoglandin

A

Fatty acids with hormone-like effects

37
Q

Difference between hormones and prostaglandins

A

Hormones secreted from glands, prostaglandins aren’t
Hormones work on specific parts of the body and travel there via blood
Prostaglandins are produced at sites of tissue damage to help healing, work where they are produced

38
Q

Where are releasing hormones produced?

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

The pituitary gland is divided into two sections called

A

Anterior pituitary gland

Posterior pituitary gland

40
Q

Anterior vs posterior pituitary gland

A

Posterior pituitary gland doesn’t produces its own hormones it just stores and releases hormones created by the hypothalamus
Anterior pituitary gland produces and secretes it’s own hormones

41
Q

Pituitary gland divided in half
Right side =
Left side=

A

Right side =posterior pituitary gland

Left side= anterior pituitary gland

42
Q

Location and structure of thyroid gland

A

Below the Adam’s apple in the neck

Butterfly shaped

43
Q

Where is the pancreas located

What is its structure?

A

At the back of the abdomen behind the stomach.

It is connected to the small intestine by a small tube called the pancreatic duct

44
Q

Hormones produced in the hypothalamus are often stored in the ______ or the ________

A

Posterior pituitary gland

Anterior pituitary gland

45
Q

The stimuli of hormone release are

A

Humoral
Neural
hormonal

Biology (19 decks)

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