Cells: Division and genetic inheritance

Question 1

What are the three stages of the Cell Cycle?

Answer 1

Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Question 2

How many cell divisions do mitosis and Meiosis involve?

Answer 2

Mitosis- 1

Meiosis-2

Question 3

What are the products of mitosis?

Answer 3

2 genetically identical, diploid daughter cells

Question 4

What are the products of meiosis?

Answer 4

4 genetically different haploid cells (gametes)

Question 5

What is the name of the organs that produce gametes?

Answer 5

Gonads

Ovaries- egg cells, Testes- sperm cells

Question 6

What is a Karyotype?

Answer 6

The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

Question 7

What is an Allele

Answer 7

Different version of a gene (caused by variation in amino acid sequence)

Question 8

Define Homozygous and Heterozygous

Answer 8

Homozygous- having two of the same copy of the gene

Heterozygous- having two different versions of the gene (alleles)

Question 9

What are teratogens?

Answer 9

Mutagenic agents that cause changes to amino acid sequence, affecting genes

Question 10

Define Autosomal inheritance

Answer 10

Inherited by an autosomal gene (a gene in any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome)

Question 11

Define these single gene disorders:
Dominant
Recessive
X linked recessive

Answer 11

Dominant- individuals are affected by one copy of the altered gene
Recessive- these individuals musts be homozygous as they must have two copies of the altered genes to be affected
X linked recessive- males with an altered gene in the X chromosome are always affected (only have one copy of the gene)