Liver & GI tract

Question 1

GI tract

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal tract (tube that joins organs from mouth to anus)

Question 2

Organs in the GI tract

Answer 2

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus

Question 3

Esophagus definition and function

Pushes food to stomach by peristalsis

Answer 3

Muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach

Question 4

Term for throat

Answer 4

Pharynx

Question 5

Small intestine function

Answer 5

Mixes food with bike and pancreatic juice
Enzymatic breakdown of food
Nutrients absorption

Question 6

Large intestine function

Answer 6

Absorbs wager and electrolytes to form faeces

Question 7

Peristalsis

Answer 7

The movement of pushing food into stomach (through esophagus)

Question 8

What do salivary glands do

Answer 8

Secreted amylase enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

Question 9

What organ produces bile?

Answer 9

The liver

Question 10

Purpose of bile?

Answer 10

To emulsify fat

Question 11

Alimentary canal

Answer 11

Muscular tube parring through body’s central cavity

Question 12

Microvilli function

Answer 12

Increase S/A for absorption

Question 13

Pancreatic amylase

Answer 13

Breaks down carbohydrates to disaccharides

Question 14

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 14

Breaks triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids

Question 15

Nucleases

Answer 15

Break down nucleic acids to nucleotides

Question 16

Trypsin

Chynotrypsin

Answer 16

Break down proteins to dipeptides

Question 17

Gallbladder

Answer 17

Organ under the liver that stores bile and delivers it to small intestine

Question 18

Bile

Answer 18

Fluids, fat and cholesterol to help break down fat from food in the intestine

Question 19

Bile ducts purpose

Answer 19

Release bile from gallbladder into liver

Question 20

Artery into liver

Vein away from liver

Answer 20

Hepatic artery

Hepatic vein

Question 21

7 functions of the liver

Answer 21

Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism 
Protein metabolism 
Storage
Blood filtering 
Detoxification 
Secretion

Question 22

Bilirubin

Answer 22

Pigment formed in the liver by break down of haemaglobin and secreted bile

Question 23

Where is bilirubin in the liver secreted to?

Answer 23

The kidney to be excreted in urine

Question 24

Duodenum

Answer 24

First part of the small intestine behind the stomach

Question 25

Jejunum

Answer 25

Second part of the small intestine (curly bit)

Question 26

Ileum

Answer 26

Last part of the small intestine (where curly part stops)

Question 27

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 27

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 28

What runs through a vilum to increase exchange ?

Answer 28

Blood capillaries

Question 29

How are monosaccharides absorbed?

Answer 29

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

Question 30

Amino acid absorption

Answer 30

Active transport | Co transport

Question 31

Fatty acids reabsorption

Answer 31

Glycerol -facilitated diffusion | Fats- micelles

Question 32

What leads to the anus?

Answer 32

The rectum through the anal canal to the anus

Question 33

Two types of metabolic reactions

Answer 33

Anabolic | Catabolic

Question 34

Anabolic reaction

Answer 34

Larger molecules constructed from smaller ones (condensation) requires energy

Question 35

Catabolic reaction

Answer 35

Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones (like hydrolysis) releases energy

Question 36

Glycogenesis

Answer 36

Excess glucose taken up by liver and converted into glycogen to be stored

Question 37

Where does glycogenesis take place

Answer 37

Liver

Question 38

Glycogenolysis

Answer 38

Liver causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose when blood glucose levels are low

Question 39

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 39

When glycogen reserves are used up, enzymes in the liver convert substances such as amino acids and lipids into glucose

Question 40

Ketogenesis

Answer 40

Ketone bodies are produced by the break down of fatty acids

Question 41

Adenine binds to

Answer 41

Thymine

Question 42

Guanine binds to

Answer 42

Cytosine

Question 43

ATP name and components

Answer 43

Adenosinetriphosphate Ribose sugar Adenine Three phosphate molecules

Question 44

Glycolysis

Answer 44

6 carbon sugar broken down into 3 pyruvates to gain 2 ATP molecules