Liver & GI tract Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

GI tract

A

Gastrointestinal tract (tube that joins organs from mouth to anus)

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2
Q

Organs in the GI tract

A
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
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3
Q

Esophagus definition and function

Pushes food to stomach by peristalsis

A

Muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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4
Q

Term for throat

A

Pharynx

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5
Q

Small intestine function

A

Mixes food with bike and pancreatic juice
Enzymatic breakdown of food
Nutrients absorption

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6
Q

Large intestine function

A

Absorbs wager and electrolytes to form faeces

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

The movement of pushing food into stomach (through esophagus)

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8
Q

What do salivary glands do

A

Secreted amylase enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

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9
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

The liver

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10
Q

Purpose of bile?

A

To emulsify fat

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11
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Muscular tube parring through body’s central cavity

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12
Q

Microvilli function

A

Increase S/A for absorption

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13
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Breaks down carbohydrates to disaccharides

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14
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Breaks triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids

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15
Q

Nucleases

A

Break down nucleic acids to nucleotides

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16
Q

Trypsin

Chynotrypsin

A

Break down proteins to dipeptides

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17
Q

Gallbladder

A

Organ under the liver that stores bile and delivers it to small intestine

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18
Q

Bile

A

Fluids, fat and cholesterol to help break down fat from food in the intestine

19
Q

Bile ducts purpose

A

Release bile from gallbladder into liver

20
Q

Artery into liver

Vein away from liver

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic vein

21
Q

7 functions of the liver

A
Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism 
Protein metabolism 
Storage
Blood filtering 
Detoxification 
Secretion
22
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment formed in the liver by break down of haemaglobin and secreted bile

23
Q

Where is bilirubin in the liver secreted to?

A

The kidney to be excreted in urine

24
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine behind the stomach

25
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine (curly bit)
26
Ileum
Last part of the small intestine (where curly part stops)
27
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
28
What runs through a vilum to increase exchange ?
Blood capillaries
29
How are monosaccharides absorbed?
Facilitated diffusion and active transport
30
Amino acid absorption
Active transport | Co transport
31
Fatty acids reabsorption
Glycerol -facilitated diffusion | Fats- micelles
32
What leads to the anus?
The rectum through the anal canal to the anus
33
Two types of metabolic reactions
Anabolic | Catabolic
34
Anabolic reaction
Larger molecules constructed from smaller ones (condensation) requires energy
35
Catabolic reaction
Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones (like hydrolysis) releases energy
36
Glycogenesis
Excess glucose taken up by liver and converted into glycogen to be stored
37
Where does glycogenesis take place
Liver
38
Glycogenolysis
Liver causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose when blood glucose levels are low
39
Gluconeogenesis
When glycogen reserves are used up, enzymes in the liver convert substances such as amino acids and lipids into glucose
40
Ketogenesis
Ketone bodies are produced by the break down of fatty acids
41
Adenine binds to
Thymine
42
Guanine binds to
Cytosine
43
ATP name and components
Adenosinetriphosphate Ribose sugar Adenine Three phosphate molecules
44
Glycolysis
6 carbon sugar broken down into 3 pyruvates to gain 2 ATP molecules