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Biology > Physiology of pregnancy > Flashcards

Physiology of pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Which direction does the uterus move as it expands?

A

Upwards

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2
Q

Cervical changes in pregnancy (3)

A

Softening
Mucus plug closes cervical canal
Increased secretions from cervical glands

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3
Q

Vulva and vaginal changes in pregnancy

A 
Increased vascularity (visible veins)
More soft and moist
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4
Q

Skeletal changes in pregnancy (4)

A

Relaxation of pelvic ligaments
Increased lumbar lordosis (slouching)
Decreased calcium levels, increased calcitonin
High vitamin D for calcium absorption

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5
Q

Skin changes in pregnancy (3)

A

Linea nigra
Striae gravidarum
Chloasma gravidarum (discolouration)

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6
Q

Weight changes in pregnancy causes (4)

A 
Increased appetite 
(Need 300 more calories per day) 
Pica (cravings) 
Enlargement of maternal organs 
Increased blood volume
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7
Q

What can cause shortness of breath in pregnancy

A

Splinting of the diaphragm by gravid uterus

Lung capacity decreases in pregnancy

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8
Q

What happens to peripheral resistance in pregnancy?

A

Large decrease due to vasodilation and increase in intravascular space from placenta

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9
Q

Blood pressure change in pregnancy

A

Little change because although blood volume increased, peripheral resistance decreased

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10
Q

What can cause swelling in pregnancy

A

Leak of fluids

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11
Q

What changes occur to the renal system?

A

Increased glomerular filtration due to increased blood flow
Can cause leakage of protein and glucose
Increased reabsorption
More filtrate means more urine

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12
Q

What are the five most influencing causes of the 12.5 kg weight gain

A 
Fetus
Fat and breast gain
Fluid
Blood
Uterus
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13
Q

What is a result of the gastrointestinal system slowing in pregnancy

A

Constipation

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14
Q

Endometrial cycle can be divided into three phases

A

Menstrual
Proliferative
Secretory

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15
Q

What is the menstruated cycle part of

A

The endometrial cycle

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16
Q

How many days after implantation does ovulation occur

A

7

17
Q

Two phases of the ovulation cycle

A

Follicular

Luteal

18
Q

Cardiovascular system pregnancy change and symptoms

A

Increased heart rate
Due to an increase in blood volume, HR must increase to deliver larger quantity of blood around the body and to the fetus

19
Q

Respiratory system pregnancy changes and symptoms

A

Shortness of breath
Splinting of diaphragm due to expansion of gravid uterus
Decreased lung capacity

20
Q

Urinary system changes in pregnancy and symptoms

A

Needing to wee
Increased blood plasma causes more glomerular filtration and more filtrate
This causes more urine production

21
Q

Digestive system

A

Constipation
Smooth muscles relax
This slows GI system
Causes constipation

22
Q

Haematological system

A

Blood volume increases

Due to increase in blood plasma

23
Q

12 body systems

A 
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Lymphatic system
Endocrine system
Muscular system  
Skeletal system 
Urinalysis system
Haematological system
Reproductive system
Breasts
Integumentary system
24
Q

Integumentary system change

A

Increased melanocyte stimulating hormone in pregnancy causing chloasma gravidarum

25
Q

Skeletal system

A

Increased lumbar lordosis (slouching) caused by weight of fundus and extending uterus

26
Q

Muscular system

A

Muscle strain in uterine muscles due to expansion to facilitate growth of fetus

27
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Mucus plug closes cervical canal to prevent entrance of infection causing bacteria

28
Q

Endocrine system

A

Placental progesterone and oestrogen are secreted which maintain uterine lining and inhibit FSH and LH

29
Q

Reproductive system

A

LH and FSH are inhibited in pregnancy so ovulation does not occur

30
Q

Breasts

A

Lactogenesis I causes production of milk components in breasts starting between 16-20 weeks

Biology (19 decks)

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