Endocrine System Chart Flashcards by Shayla Crafton

What organ/gland produces this hormone? T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone

Thyroid gland

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Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone

Yes!
Regulated by TRH ( thyroid releasing hormones) of hypothalamus and TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) of pituitary gland

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Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone

Hypothalamus increases production of TRH due to Hypothermia, stress, pregnancy.

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What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? T3 and T4
Iodine containing hormone

1) Increases ATP production,
2) increases metabolism,
3) increases production of proteins- enzymes!
4) increases heart rate
5) Increases contractility of the heart
muscle
6) As a result of increased metabolism oxygen consumption increases
7) Calorigenic effect – more heat
produced

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What organ/gland produces this hormone? Growth Hormone

Anterior pituitary gland or adenohypophysis

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Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Growth Hormone

GH releasing and inhibitory hormones of hypothalamus

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Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Growth Hormone

Age
Time of day (increased production at night);
stress and exercise;
nutrient status ( low glucose , lipid,and protein levels!); starvation

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What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Growth Hormone

1.Stimulates protein synthesis and overall
growth
of most cells and tissues;  results in
bone and muscle growth
2. increases activity of osteoblasts
3. increases catabolism of fatty acids for
ATP production

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What organ/gland produces this hormone? PTH ( parathyroid hormone)

Parathyroid gland

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Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? PTH ( parathyroid hormone)

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Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) PTH ( parathyroid hormone)

Falling blood calcium level triggers release of PTH

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What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? PTH ( parathyroid hormone)

Raises blood calcium level by:
1.stimulates osteoclasts
2. inhibits osteoblast
3. increases reabsorption of calcium in the
kidney
5. stimulates conversion of vitamin D
in the active form (calcitriol) which causes increase of absorption of calcium by the
intestine

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What organ/gland produces this hormone? Calcitonin

C-cells of thyroid gland

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Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Calcitonin

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Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Calcitonin

High blood levels of calcium

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What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Calcitonin

Lowers calcium blood level
1.inhibits osteoclasts
2. activates osteoblasts

Direct antagonist of PTH

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What organ/gland produces this hormone? What organ/gland produces this hormone? Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid

Adrenal gland : Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex

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Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid

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Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid

1.Angiotensin II ( activated due to low blood supply to the kidney)
2.High potassium level

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What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Aldosterone/
Mineralocorticoid

Provides reabsorption of sodium in the
kidney by stimulating Na/K exchange
pump
(water follows sodium - Increases
fluid retention – increases blood volume – increases blood pressure – very important!

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What organ/gland produces this hormone? Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid

Adrenal gland: Zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex

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Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid

YES!
Corticotropin-releasing hormone of the hypothalamus;
ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone of anterior pituitary gland

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Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid

Time of day (highest level in the morning)

Stress ( physical and emotional), fever, hypoglycemia

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Cortisol/
Glucocorticoid

1.activates gluconeogenesis ( increases
blood
sugar level)
2.inhibits protein synthesis
3.antiinflammatory effect (inhibits
chemotaxis)

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Insulin

Pancreas : beta cells of islets of Langerhance

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Insulin

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Insulin

High blood sugar level

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Insulin

Decreases blood sugar level 1.promotes movement of glucose through the cell membrane 2. stimulates the storage of glucose and fats 3. stimulates glycogen synthesis 4. increases glucose uptake by the liver Increases production of proteins Increases uptake of amino acids, which stimulates protein anabolism

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Glucagon

Pancreas : alpha cells of islets of Langerhance

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Glucagon

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Glucagon

Low blood sugar level

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Glucagon

Increases blood sugar level 1.stimulates gluconeogenesis – production of glucose 2.promotes break down of glycogen 3.increases glucose release by the liver

What organ/gland produces this hormone? ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin

Hypothalamus produces ADH and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores it and releases hormone into the blood.

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin

1.osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid known as osmolarity (osmoreceptors of hypothalamus respond to more solutes dissolved in the blood and increase production of ADH 2.decreased blood volume (decreased cardiac output) baroreceptor reflex Other: pain, nicotine, morphine Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion causes dehydration and hangover associated with alcohol consumption

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/ vasopressin

1.reabsorption of water in the kidney increases volume of extracellular fluid 2.vasoconstriction (constriction of arterioles throughout the body) Vasoconstriction and increased blood volume will increase blood pressure

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Oxytocin

Hypothalamus produces oxytocin and posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) stores it and releases hormone into the blood

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Oxytocin

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Oxytocin

Release is triggered by the stretching of the uterus and cervix ( positive feedback)

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Oxytocin

Smooth muscle contraction ( uterus during labor) Milk ejection reflex Sexual arousal and orgasm

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Erythropoietin

Kidney

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Erythropoietin

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Erythropoietin

Release is triggered by low oxygen supply to the kidney( known as hypoxia)

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Erythropoietin

Essential hormone for red cell production.

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Calciteiol

Kidney

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Calcitriol

PTH

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Calcitriol

PTH

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Calcitriol

1.increases the uptake of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood 2. reduces the loss of calcium in the urine

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Angiotensin

Angiotensinogen is inactive form of angiotensin synthesized by the liver. Requires enzymes for activation: renin and angiotensin converting enzyme – will talk more about it in future chapters

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Angiotensin

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Angiotensin

Low blood flow to the kidney and activation of sympathetic nervous system trigger renin-angiotensin aldosterone system.

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Angiotensin

1.vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure 2. stimulates the release of aldosterone

What organ/gland produces this hormone? Atrial natriuretic peptide

Released by muscle cells in the upper chambers (atria) of the heart (atrial myocytes)

Is there a regulating hormone and what organ produces it? Atrial natriuretic peptide

Stimulus for the production of this hormone ( we produce this hormone in response to what?) Atrial natriuretic peptide

Released in response to 1.) high blood volume (stretching of the atria)

What is the function of the hormone? What does it do in the body? Atrial natriuretic peptide

1. Vasodilator 2. Decreases sodium real absorption by the kidney 3. Decreases blood pressure